Input–Outputइनपुट–आउटपुट questions and answersप्रश्न और उत्तर

How input–output worksइनपुट–आउटपुट को समझिए

The rule is almost always the same action repeated: the largest (or smallest) number, or the first (or last) word in dictionary order, moves to one end of the line, next to the items already arranged. Compare the input with Step 1 to see which item moved and where, then confirm with Step 2.

Moving one item out of a line does not change the order of the others. So at any step, the arranged block sits at one end in final order and the rest of the line is just the input with those items removed. You can write Step 5 directly without writing Steps 3 and 4.

When the next item is already where it should be, the machine has nothing to move and does not use a step for it. This is why the number of steps can be less than the number of items, and why counting items instead of moves gives a wrong answer.

Each trick says when to use it, why it works and when it fails. Formula tricks are checked by code over their whole range.हर ट्रिक बताती है कि उसे कब इस्तेमाल करें, वह क्यों काम करती है और कब नहीं। सूत्र वाली ट्रिक्स को कोड से उनकी पूरी रेंज पर जाँचा गया है।

Answers and full solutions are shown. Hide them to test yourself first.उत्तर और पूरे हल दिखाए गए हैं। पहले खुद को परखने के लिए इन्हें छिपाइए।

1. Example 1उदाहरण 1 · Input–output machine (one rule per step) · Easyआसान

   A machine rearranges a line of words, one word per step, using the same rule every time. In each step, the word that comes last in dictionary order not yet arranged moves to the left end, next to the words already arranged there. If the next word is already in its place, it is skipped without using a step. Input: cricket otter veena chai rangoli Step 1: veena cricket otter chai rangoli Step 2: veena rangoli cricket otter chai How many steps are needed to complete the arrangement?

   1. 2
   2. 3
   3. 4
   4. 5
   Answer:उत्तर: 3

   1. Rule: In each step, the word that comes last in dictionary order not yet arranged moves to the left end, next to the words already arranged there.
   2. Step 1: veena cricket otter chai rangoli
   3. Step 2: veena rangoli cricket otter chai
   4. Step 3: veena rangoli otter cricket chai
   5. How many steps are needed to complete the arrangement? → 3.

2. Example 2उदाहरण 2 · Input–output machine (one rule per step) · Mediumमध्यम

   A machine rearranges a line of numbers, one number per step, using the same rule every time. If the next number is already in its place, it is skipped without using a step. Input: 52 16 33 62 50 97 Step 1: 97 52 16 33 62 50 Step 2: 97 62 52 16 33 50 What is Step 4?

   1. 62 97 52 50 33 16
   2. 97 52 62 50 33 16
   3. 97 62 52 50 16 33
   4. 97 62 52 50 33 16
   Answer:उत्तर: 97 62 52 50 33 16

   1. Rule: In each step, the largest number not yet arranged moves to the left end, next to the numbers already arranged there.
   2. Step 1: 97 52 16 33 62 50
   3. Step 2: 97 62 52 16 33 50
   4. Step 3: 97 62 52 50 16 33
   5. Step 4: 97 62 52 50 33 16
   6. What is Step 4? → 97 62 52 50 33 16.

3. Example 3उदाहरण 3 · Input–output machine (one rule per step) · Hardकठिन

   A machine rearranges a line of numbers, one number per step, using the same rule every time. If the next number is already in its place, it is skipped without using a step. Input: 48 69 57 91 39 53 31 Step 1: 91 48 69 57 39 53 31 Step 2: 91 69 48 57 39 53 31 In Step 3, which number is first from the right end?

   1. 31
   2. 53
   3. 57
   4. 91
   Answer:उत्तर: 31

   1. Rule: In each step, the largest number not yet arranged moves to the left end, next to the numbers already arranged there.
   2. Step 1: 91 48 69 57 39 53 31
   3. Step 2: 91 69 48 57 39 53 31
   4. Step 3: 91 69 57 48 39 53 31
   5. Step 4: 91 69 57 53 48 39 31
   6. In Step 3, which number is first from the right end? → 31.

4. Example 4उदाहरण 4 · Input–output machine (one rule per step) · Mediumमध्यम

   A machine rearranges a line of words, one word per step, using the same rule every time. If the next word is already in its place, it is skipped without using a step. Input: cricket veena otter kite yak river Step 1: cricket veena otter kite river yak Step 2: cricket otter kite river veena yak How many steps are needed to complete the arrangement?

   1. 2
   2. 3
   3. 4
   4. 5
   Answer:उत्तर: 3

   1. Rule: In each step, the word that comes last in dictionary order not yet arranged moves to the right end, next to the words already arranged there.
   2. Step 1: cricket veena otter kite river yak
   3. Step 2: cricket otter kite river veena yak
   4. Step 3: cricket kite otter river veena yak
   5. How many steps are needed to complete the arrangement? → 3.

5. Example 5उदाहरण 5 · Input–output machine (one rule per step) · Mediumमध्यम

   A machine rearranges a line of words, one word per step, using the same rule every time. If the next word is already in its place, it is skipped without using a step. Input: river saree kite ladoo falooda henna Step 1: saree river kite ladoo falooda henna Step 2: saree river ladoo kite falooda henna What is Step 3?

   1. saree river ladoo kite falooda henna
   2. kite falooda henna ladoo river saree
   3. falooda henna kite river saree ladoo
   4. saree river ladoo kite henna falooda
   Answer:उत्तर: saree river ladoo kite henna falooda

   1. Rule: In each step, the word that comes last in dictionary order not yet arranged moves to the left end, next to the words already arranged there.
   2. Step 1: saree river kite ladoo falooda henna
   3. Step 2: saree river ladoo kite falooda henna
   4. Step 3: saree river ladoo kite henna falooda
   5. What is Step 3? → saree river ladoo kite henna falooda.

6. Example 6उदाहरण 6 · Input–output machine (one rule per step) · Mediumमध्यम

   A machine rearranges a line of numbers, one number per step, using the same rule every time. If the next number is already in its place, it is skipped without using a step. Input: 73 18 94 57 88 90 Step 1: 94 73 18 57 88 90 Step 2: 94 90 73 18 57 88 What is Step 4?

   1. 18 57 73 88 90 94
   2. 90 94 88 73 57 18
   3. 94 90 88 73 18 57
   4. 94 90 88 73 57 18
   Answer:उत्तर: 94 90 88 73 57 18

   1. Rule: In each step, the largest number not yet arranged moves to the left end, next to the numbers already arranged there.
   2. Step 1: 94 73 18 57 88 90
   3. Step 2: 94 90 73 18 57 88
   4. Step 3: 94 90 88 73 18 57
   5. Step 4: 94 90 88 73 57 18
   6. What is Step 4? → 94 90 88 73 57 18.

Common mistakesआम गलतियाँ

• Guessing the rule from Step 1 alone when Step 2 would have shown a different pattern.
• Reordering the unarranged items instead of keeping their input order.
• Counting one step per item even when some items were already in place.

Frequently asked questionsअक्सर पूछे जाने वाले प्रश्न