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Logical Reasoningतार्किक क्षमता · न्याय निगमन

Syllogismन्याय निगमन questions and answersप्रश्न और उत्तर

Syllogism questions give two or three statements and ask which conclusions must be true. The safest method is the one examiners use to set them: draw the smallest diagram that fits, then try to break each conclusion.

  • Unlimitedअसीमित fresh questionsनए प्रश्न
  • Answersउत्तर always one tap awayहमेशा एक टैप दूर
  • 1 subtopicउप-टॉपिक
  • IBPS PO ~4
  • SSC CGL ~1
  • TCS NQT ~1

Practice questions are in English for now.अभ्यास के प्रश्न अभी अंग्रेज़ी में हैं।

How syllogism worksन्याय निगमन को समझिए

A conclusion follows only if it is true in every diagram that fits the statements. If you can draw even one fitting diagram in which it is false, it does not follow.

Exam syllogisms assume every group in the statements exists. That is why “All pens are books” lets you conclude “Some books are pens”.

“Possibility” conclusions are the opposite test: they need only one fitting diagram in which they are true, and they must not already be definite.

Tricks that save timeसमय बचाने वाली ट्रिक्स

All tricks →सभी ट्रिक्स →

Each trick says when to use it, why it works and when it fails. Formula tricks are checked by code over their whole range.हर ट्रिक बताती है कि उसे कब इस्तेमाल करें, वह क्यों काम करती है और कब नहीं। सूत्र वाली ट्रिक्स को कोड से उनकी पूरी रेंज पर जाँचा गया है।

Exam strategyपरीक्षा रणनीतिRarely taughtकम सिखाई जाने वाली

Try to break the conclusion

Use it when:कब इस्तेमाल करें: A conclusion “feels” true but no rule clearly gives it, especially with three statements or “possibility” conclusions.

  1. Draw the statements with the least overlap they allow.
  2. Try to redraw them so the conclusion becomes false while every statement stays true.
  3. If you can, it does not follow. If every attempt fails, it follows. For “possibility”, look for one drawing where it is true.
Exampleउदाहरण

All pens are books. Some books are bags. Does “Some pens are bags” follow?

→ Draw the bags overlapping only books that are not pens: still fits, conclusion false → does not follow.

Why it works, and when it failsयह क्यों काम करती है, और कब नहीं

Why:क्यों: A conclusion is definite only when no allowed diagram contradicts it, so one counter-diagram is enough to reject it. This is exactly how the questions are checked.

Limits:सीमाएँ: It takes longer than the rules, so use the rules first and keep this for doubtful cases.

Formulaसूत्र✓ Checked on 17 cases✓ 17 मामलों पर जाँची गई

Six syllogism combinations that settle most questions

Use it when:कब इस्तेमाल करें: Two statements link A to B and B to C, and a conclusion is about A and C.

  1. All A are B + All B are C → All A are C (and Some C are A).
  2. All A are B + No B is C → No A is C.
  3. Some A are B + All B are C → Some A are C.
  4. Some A are B + No B is C → Some A are not C.
  5. Some + Some, All A are B + Some B are C, and No + No → nothing definite about A and C.
Exampleउदाहरण

Some pens are books. No book is a bag. Does “Some pens are not bags” follow?

→ Some + No → Some A are not C: yes.

Why it works, and when it failsयह क्यों काम करती है, और कब नहीं

Why:क्यों: Each rule says what is true in every Venn diagram the two statements allow. The “nothing definite” cases are exactly those where one fitting diagram makes the A–C conclusion true and another makes it false.

Limits:सीमाएँ: The middle term (B) must link the two statements in the order shown. If the second statement runs C → B, only “No” and “Some” statements can be turned round; “All” cannot.

Solved examplesहल किए गए उदाहरण

Answers and full solutions are shown. Hide them to test yourself first.उत्तर और पूरे हल दिखाए गए हैं। पहले खुद को परखने के लिए इन्हें छिपाइए।

  1. Example 1उदाहरण 1 · Syllogisms: which conclusions follow · Easyआसान

    Statements: No buses are bikes. Some bikes are trucks. Conclusions: I. No bikes are buses. II. Some trucks are buses.

    1. Only conclusion I follows
    2. Only conclusion II follows
    3. Either I or II follows
    4. Neither I nor II follows
    5. Both I and II follow
    Answer:उत्तर: Only conclusion I follows
    1. Statements as a diagram: No buses are bikes; Some bikes are trucks.
    2. I (No bikes are buses) is true in every diagram the statements allow.
    3. II (Some trucks are buses) is false in at least one diagram the statements allow, so it is not definite.
    4. So the answer is: Only conclusion I follows.

  2. Example 2उदाहरण 2 · Syllogisms: which conclusions follow · Mediumमध्यम

    Statements: Some trucks are not buses. All buses are cars. Conclusions: I. Some cars are not trucks. II. All cars are trucks.

    1. Only conclusion I follows
    2. Only conclusion II follows
    3. Either I or II follows
    4. Neither I nor II follows
    5. Both I and II follow
    Answer:उत्तर: Either I or II follows
    1. Statements as a diagram: Some trucks are not buses; All buses are cars.
    2. I (Some cars are not trucks) is false in at least one diagram the statements allow, so it is not definite.
    3. II (All cars are trucks) is false in at least one diagram the statements allow, so it is not definite.
    4. So the answer is: Either I or II follows.

  3. Example 3उदाहरण 3 · Syllogisms: which conclusions follow · Hardकठिन

    Statements: No sofas are tables. Some tables are not chairs. Conclusions: I. All tables being chairs is a possibility. II. Some sofas are chairs.

    1. Only conclusion I follows
    2. Only conclusion II follows
    3. Either I or II follows
    4. Neither I nor II follows
    5. Both I and II follow
    Answer:उत्तर: Neither I nor II follows
    1. Statements as a diagram: No sofas are tables; Some tables are not chairs.
    2. I: I (All tables being chairs is a possibility) fails as a possibility here (either it is impossible, or it is already definite).
    3. II (Some sofas are chairs) is false in at least one diagram the statements allow, so it is not definite.
    4. So the answer is: Neither I nor II follows.

  4. Example 4उदाहरण 4 · Syllogisms: which conclusions follow · Mediumमध्यम

    Statements: Some doctors are singers. No dancers are singers. Conclusions: I. Some singers are dancers. II. Some dancers are not doctors.

    1. Only conclusion I follows
    2. Only conclusion II follows
    3. Either I or II follows
    4. Neither I nor II follows
    5. Both I and II follow
    Answer:उत्तर: Neither I nor II follows
    1. Statements as a diagram: Some doctors are singers; No dancers are singers.
    2. I (Some singers are dancers) is false in at least one diagram the statements allow, so it is not definite.
    3. II (Some dancers are not doctors) is false in at least one diagram the statements allow, so it is not definite.
    4. So the answer is: Neither I nor II follows.

  5. Example 5उदाहरण 5 · Syllogisms: which conclusions follow · Mediumमध्यम

    Statements: No teachers are doctors. Some writers are doctors. Conclusions: I. Some teachers are writers. II. No teachers are writers.

    1. Only conclusion I follows
    2. Only conclusion II follows
    3. Either I or II follows
    4. Neither I nor II follows
    5. Both I and II follow
    Answer:उत्तर: Either I or II follows
    1. Statements as a diagram: No teachers are doctors; Some writers are doctors.
    2. I (Some teachers are writers) is false in at least one diagram the statements allow, so it is not definite.
    3. II (No teachers are writers) is false in at least one diagram the statements allow, so it is not definite.
    4. So the answer is: Either I or II follows.

  6. Example 6उदाहरण 6 · Syllogisms: which conclusions follow · Mediumमध्यम

    Statements: All bells are flags. No flags are balloons. Conclusions: I. Some balloons are not bells. II. Some balloons are flags.

    1. Only conclusion I follows
    2. Only conclusion II follows
    3. Either I or II follows
    4. Neither I nor II follows
    5. Both I and II follow
    Answer:उत्तर: Only conclusion I follows
    1. Statements as a diagram: All bells are flags; No flags are balloons.
    2. I (Some balloons are not bells) is true in every diagram the statements allow.
    3. II (Some balloons are flags) is false in at least one diagram the statements allow, so it is not definite.
    4. So the answer is: Only conclusion I follows.

Common mistakesआम गलतियाँ

  • Reversing an “All” statement (“All pens are books” does not mean all books are pens).
  • Using real-world knowledge instead of only the statements.
  • Marking “either–or” for two conclusions about different pairs.

Frequently asked questionsअक्सर पूछे जाने वाले प्रश्न

What is the fastest way to solve syllogisms?

Learn the combination rules (All + All = All, Some + All = Some, and so on), then check any doubtful conclusion by trying to draw a diagram that breaks it.

When is the answer “either I or II follows”?

When the two conclusions talk about the same pair, together cover every case (like “Some A are C” and “No A is C”), and neither is definite on its own.

Are syllogisms asked in bank exams?

Yes. IBPS and SBI prelims and mains usually have a set of syllogism questions, often with possibility conclusions.

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