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ABHYAS PREP: COMMERCIAL ARITHMETIC · PROFIT, LOSS & DISCOUNT

Dishonest dealer: false weights, mark-ups and discounts

The dealer charges for 1,000 g but hands over less. Profit = (what he charges ÷ what it costs him) − 1, with the false weight as the base.

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Worked examples

Example 1 · level 1

Priya, who runs a dry-fruit seller, sells rice at cost price but uses a weight of 800 g instead of 1 kg. What is the actual profit percentage?

  1. 20%
  2. 25%
  3. 26.5%
  4. 28%
Show solution
  1. Money received for “1 kg”: 1 × cost price of 1 kg.
  2. Cost of what he actually gives: 0.8 × cost price of 1 kg.
  3. Profit factor = 1000/800 = 1.25, so the profit is 25%.

Answer: 25%

Example 2 · level 2

Aditya, who runs a grocer, marks his goods 25% above cost price, sells at the marked price and uses a 750 g weight for every kilogram. What is the actual profit percentage?

  1. 25%
  2. 33.33%
  3. 58.33%
  4. 66.67%
Show solution
  1. Money received for “1 kg”: 1.25 × cost price of 1 kg.
  2. Cost of what he actually gives: 0.75 × cost price of 1 kg.
  3. Profit factor = 1.25 × 1000/750 = 1.6667, so the profit is 66.67%.

Answer: 66.67%

Example 3 · level 3

Ananya, who runs a grocer, marks his goods 25% above cost, gives a 20% discount, and uses a 950 g weight for every kilogram. What is the actual profit percentage?

  1. 5%
  2. 5.26%
  3. 6.76%
  4. 10.26%
Show solution
  1. Money received for “1 kg”: 1.25 × 0.8 × cost price of 1 kg.
  2. Cost of what he actually gives: 0.95 × cost price of 1 kg.
  3. Profit factor = 1 × 1000/950 = 1.0526, so the profit is 5.26%.

Answer: 5.26%

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