UPSC Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination 2022, General Studies Paper II (CSAT)

Series A. Questions and answers from the official UPSC paper and answer key:सीरीज़ A। प्रश्न और उत्तर आधिकारिक UPSC पेपर और उत्तर-कुंजी से: question paperप्रश्न-पत्र, answer keyउत्तर-कुंजी.

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All questions with answersउत्तरों के साथ सभी प्रश्न

The main threat to maintaining progress in human development comes from the increasingly evident unsustainability of production and consumption patterns. Current production models rely heavily on fossil fuels. We now know that this is unsustainable because the resources are finite. The close link between economic growth and greenhouse gas emissions needs to be severed for human development to become truly sustainable. Some developed countries have begun to alleviate the worst effects by expanding recycling and investing in public transport and infrastructure. But most developing countries are hampered by the high costs and low availability of clean energy sources. Developed countries need to support developing countries' transition to sustainable human development.
Unsustainability in production pattern is due to which of the following? 1. Heavy dependence on fossil fuels 2. Limited availability of resources 3. Expansion of recycling Select the correct answer using the code given below.
1. 1 and 2 only
2. 2 only
3. 1 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (a) 1 and 2 only
The passage says current production models rely heavily on fossil fuels and that this is unsustainable because the resources are finite. So both heavy dependence on fossil fuels (1) and limited availability of resources (2) are causes. Expansion of recycling (3) is mentioned as a remedy that developed countries use to reduce the harm, not as a cause of unsustainability. Hence 1 and 2 only.
The main threat to maintaining progress in human development comes from the increasingly evident unsustainability of production and consumption patterns. Current production models rely heavily on fossil fuels. We now know that this is unsustainable because the resources are finite. The close link between economic growth and greenhouse gas emissions needs to be severed for human development to become truly sustainable. Some developed countries have begun to alleviate the worst effects by expanding recycling and investing in public transport and infrastructure. But most developing countries are hampered by the high costs and low availability of clean energy sources. Developed countries need to support developing countries' transition to sustainable human development.
Consider the following statements: Developed countries can support developing countries' transition to sustainable human development by 1. making clean energy sources available at low cost 2. providing loans for improving their public transport at nominal interest rates 3. encouraging them to change their production and consumption patterns Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1. 1 only
2. 1 and 2 only
3. 2 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (b) 1 and 2 only
The passage names the obstacles faced by developing countries: high costs and low availability of clean energy. Making clean energy cheap (1) directly removes that obstacle. Developed countries eased the problem by investing in public transport, so helping developing countries do the same through cheap loans (2) also fits. Statement 3 is not supported: the passage blames the problem on cost and availability, not on any unwillingness of developing countries, so merely encouraging them to change patterns does not address what hampers them. Hence 1 and 2 only.
Unless the forces and tendencies which are responsible for destroying the country's environment are checked in the near future and afforestation of denuded areas is taken up on a massive scale, the harshness of the climatic conditions and soil erosion by wind and water will increase to such an extent that agriculture, which is the mainstay of our people, will gradually become impossible. The desert countries of the world and our own desert areas in Rajasthan are a grim reminder of the consequences of large-scale deforestation. Pockets of desert-like landscape are now appearing in other parts of the country including the Sutlej-Ganga Plains and the Deccan Plateau. Where only a few decades back there used to be lush green forests with perennial streams and springs, there is only brown earth, bare of vegetation, without any water in the streams and springs except in the rainy season.
According to the passage given above, deforestation and denudation will ultimately lead to which of the following? 1. Depletion of soil resource 2. Shortage of land for the common man 3. Lack of water for cultivation Select the correct answer using the code given below.
1. 1 and 2 only
2. 2 and 3 only
3. 1 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (c) 1 and 3 only
The passage warns that soil erosion by wind and water will increase (depletion of soil, statement 1) and that streams and springs now carry no water except in the rainy season, so agriculture will become impossible (lack of water for cultivation, statement 3). Nothing is said about a shortage of land for the common man; the land is still there, it is only degraded. Hence 1 and 3 only.
What is the value of X in the sequence 20, 10, 10, 15, 30, 75, X?
1. 105
2. 120
3. 150
4. 225
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (d) 225
Each term is the previous term multiplied by 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 in turn: 20 x 0.5 = 10, 10 x 1 = 10, 10 x 1.5 = 15, 15 x 2 = 30, 30 x 2.5 = 75, so X = 75 x 3 = 225.
An Identity Card has the number ABCDEFG, not necessarily in that order, where each letter represents a distinct digit (1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 only). The number is divisible by 9. After deleting the first digit from the right, the resulting number is divisible by 6. After deleting two digits from the right of original number, the resulting number is divisible by 5. After deleting three digits from the right of original number, the resulting number is divisible by 4. After deleting four digits from the right of original number, the resulting number is divisible by 3. After deleting five digits from the right of original number, the resulting number is divisible by 2. Which of the following is a possible value for the sum of the middle three digits of the number?
1. 8
2. 9
3. 11
4. 12
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (a) 8
The seven digits add up to 1+2+4+5+7+8+9 = 36, so the full number is always divisible by 9. The first five digits must end in 5 (divisible by 5), so the fifth digit is 5. The first two, four and six digits must each end in an even digit, so the 2nd, 4th and 6th digits are 2, 4 and 8 in some order, and the 1st and 3rd digits come from 1 and 7. The first six digits are divisible by 3, so their sum 36 - (last digit) is a multiple of 3; the last digit must be 9. The first three digits must be divisible by 3: 1 + 7 + (2nd digit) is a multiple of 3, so the 2nd digit is 4. The first four digits must be divisible by 4, so the 3rd and 4th digits form 12 or 72, giving 4th digit = 2 and 6th digit = 8. The middle three digits are the 3rd, 4th and 5th: (1 or 7) + 2 + 5 = 8 or 14. Only 8 is among the options.
Two friends X and Y start running and they run together for 50 m in the same direction and reach a point. X turns right and runs 60 m, while Y turns left and runs 40 m. Then X turns left and runs 50 m and stops, while Y turns right and runs 50 m and then stops. How far are the two friends from each other now?
1. 100 m
2. 90 m
3. 60 m
4. 50 m
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (a) 100 m
Say they first run north 50 m. X turns right (east) and goes 60 m; Y turns left (west) and goes 40 m. Now they are 60 + 40 = 100 m apart on an east-west line. Then X turns left (north) and Y turns right (north), and both run 50 m. They move the same distance in the same direction, so the gap stays 100 m.
Which date of June 2099 among the following is Sunday?
1. 4
2. 5
3. 6
4. 7
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (d) 7
Count odd days up to 31 May 2099. Years 1 to 2000 give 0 odd days (2000 is a multiple of 400). Years 2001 to 2098 are 98 years with 24 leap years (2004, 2008, ..., 2096), giving 98 + 24 = 122 odd days, and 122 = 7 x 17 + 3, so 3 odd days. January to May 2099 has 31 + 28 + 31 + 30 + 31 = 151 days = 7 x 21 + 4, so 4 odd days. Total 3 + 4 = 7, i.e. 0 odd days, so 31 May 2099 is a Sunday. Then 1 June is Monday and 7 June is Sunday.
A bill for ₹ 1,840 is paid in the denominations of ₹ 50, ₹ 20 and ₹ 10 notes. 50 notes in all are used. Consider the following statements: 1. 25 notes of ₹ 50 are used and the remaining are in the denominations of ₹ 20 and ₹ 10. 2. 35 notes of ₹ 20 are used and the remaining are in the denominations of ₹ 50 and ₹ 10. 3. 20 notes of ₹ 10 are used and the remaining are in the denominations of ₹ 50 and ₹ 20. Which of the above statements are not correct?
1. 1 and 2 only
2. 2 and 3 only
3. 1 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (d) 1, 2 and 3
Let the numbers of ₹ 50, ₹ 20 and ₹ 10 notes be x, y, z. Then x + y + z = 50 and 50x + 20y + 10z = 1840. Subtracting 10 times the first equation: 40x + 10y = 1340, i.e. 4x + y = 134. Statement 1: x = 25 gives y = 34, so z = 50 - 25 - 34 = -9, impossible. Statement 2: y = 35 gives 4x = 99, not a whole number. Statement 3: z = 20 gives x + y = 30 and 4x + y = 134, so 3x = 104, not a whole number. All three statements are not correct.
Which number amongst 2^40, 3^21, 4^18 and 8^12 is the smallest?
1. 2^40
2. 3^21
3. 4^18
4. 8^12
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (b) 3^21
Write the powers of 2 with base 2: 4^18 = 2^36 and 8^12 = 2^36, so the smallest power of 2 here is 2^36. Now compare 3^21 with 2^36. Since 3^3 = 27 is less than 2^5 = 32, we get 3^21 = 27^7 < 32^7 = 2^35, which is less than 2^36 and 2^40. So 3^21 is the smallest.
The digits 1 to 9 are arranged in three rows in such a way that each row contains three digits, and the number formed in the second row is twice the number formed in the first row; and the number formed in the third row is thrice the number formed in the first row. Repetition of digits is not allowed. If only three of the four digits 2, 3, 7 and 9 are allowed to use in the first row, how many such combinations are possible to be arranged in the three rows?
1. 4
2. 3
3. 2
4. 1
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (c) 2
We need a three-digit number N such that N, 2N and 3N together use each of 1 to 9 exactly once. The first row uses three of 2, 3, 7, 9, and 3N must be a three-digit number, so N is at most 329. The candidates are 237, 239, 273, 279, 293, 297, 327 and 329. Checking: 237, 474 (repeats); 239, 478, 717 (repeats); 273, 546, 819 (uses 1 to 9 once, works); 279, 558 (repeats); 293, 586, 879 (repeats 8); 297, 594 (repeats 9); 327, 654, 981 (works); 329, 658, 987 (repeats 9 and 8). So exactly 2 arrangements: 273/546/819 and 327/654/981.
"In simple matters like shoe-making, we think only a specially trained person will serve our purpose, but in politics, we presume that everyone who knows how to get votes knows how to administer a State. When we are ill, we call for a trained physician, whose degree is a guarantee of specific preparation and technical competence - we do not ask for the handsomest physician, or the most eloquent one : well then, when the whole State is ill should we not look for the service and guidance of the wisest and the best?"
Which one of the following statements best reflects the message of the author of the passage?
1. We assume that in a democracy, any politician is qualified to administer a State.
2. Politicians should be selected from those trained in administration.
3. We need to devise a method of barring incompetence from public office.
4. As voters select their administrators, the eligibility of politicians to administer a State cannot be questioned.
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (c) We need to devise a method of barring incompetence from public office.
The author contrasts how carefully we demand competence from a shoe-maker or a doctor with how carelessly we accept anyone who can win votes to run a State. The message is that incompetent people should be kept out of public office, which is option (c). Option (a) only restates the assumption the author is criticising, not his message. Option (b) is too narrow: the author asks for 'the wisest and the best', not specifically for people trained in administration. Option (d) is the opposite of the author's view.
The poverty line is quite unsatisfactory when it comes to grasping the extent of poverty in India. It is not only because of its extremely narrow definition of 'who is poor' and the debatable methodology used to count the poor, but also because of a more fundamental assumption underlying it. It exclusively relies on the notion of poverty as insufficient income or insufficient purchasing power. One can better categorize it by calling it income poverty. If poverty is ultimately about deprivations affecting human well-being, then income poverty is only one aspect of it. Poverty of a life, in our view, lies not merely in the impoverished state in which the person actually lives, but also in the lack of real opportunity given by social constraints as well as personal circumstances - to choose other types of living. Even the relevance of low incomes, meagre possessions, and other aspects of what are standardly seen as economic poverty relate ultimately to their role in curtailing capabilities, i.e., their role in severely restricting the choices people have to lead variable and valued lives.
Why is the methodology adopted in India to count the 'poor' debatable?
1. There is some confusion regarding what should constitute the 'poverty line'.
2. There are wide diversities in the condition of the rural and urban poor.
3. There is no uniform global standard for measuring income poverty.
4. It is based on the proposition of poverty as meagre income or buying capacity.
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (d) It is based on the proposition of poverty as meagre income or buying capacity.
The passage says the poverty line rests on a fundamental assumption: it relies exclusively on poverty as insufficient income or insufficient purchasing power. That narrow basis is what makes the count questionable, so (d) is correct. The passage does not discuss confusion over where to draw the line, rural-urban differences, or any global standard, so (a), (b) and (c) are not supported.
The poverty line is quite unsatisfactory when it comes to grasping the extent of poverty in India. It is not only because of its extremely narrow definition of 'who is poor' and the debatable methodology used to count the poor, but also because of a more fundamental assumption underlying it. It exclusively relies on the notion of poverty as insufficient income or insufficient purchasing power. One can better categorize it by calling it income poverty. If poverty is ultimately about deprivations affecting human well-being, then income poverty is only one aspect of it. Poverty of a life, in our view, lies not merely in the impoverished state in which the person actually lives, but also in the lack of real opportunity given by social constraints as well as personal circumstances - to choose other types of living. Even the relevance of low incomes, meagre possessions, and other aspects of what are standardly seen as economic poverty relate ultimately to their role in curtailing capabilities, i.e., their role in severely restricting the choices people have to lead variable and valued lives.
Why is income poverty only one measure of counting the 'poor'?
1. It talks of only one kind of deprivation ignoring all others.
2. Other deprivations in a human life have nothing to do with lack of purchasing power.
3. Income poverty is not a permanent condition, it changes from time to time.
4. Income poverty restricts human choices only at a point of time.
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (a) It talks of only one kind of deprivation ignoring all others.
The passage says that if poverty is about deprivations affecting well-being, income poverty is only one aspect of it; it looks only at lack of income and leaves out other deprivations such as lack of real opportunity. That is option (a). Option (b) goes too far: the passage says low income matters because it curtails capabilities, so other deprivations are linked to it. Options (c) and (d) talk about permanence and time, which the passage never discusses.
The poverty line is quite unsatisfactory when it comes to grasping the extent of poverty in India. It is not only because of its extremely narrow definition of 'who is poor' and the debatable methodology used to count the poor, but also because of a more fundamental assumption underlying it. It exclusively relies on the notion of poverty as insufficient income or insufficient purchasing power. One can better categorize it by calling it income poverty. If poverty is ultimately about deprivations affecting human well-being, then income poverty is only one aspect of it. Poverty of a life, in our view, lies not merely in the impoverished state in which the person actually lives, but also in the lack of real opportunity given by social constraints as well as personal circumstances - to choose other types of living. Even the relevance of low incomes, meagre possessions, and other aspects of what are standardly seen as economic poverty relate ultimately to their role in curtailing capabilities, i.e., their role in severely restricting the choices people have to lead variable and valued lives.
What does the author mean by 'poverty of a life'?
1. All deprivations in a human life which stem not only from lack of income but lack of real opportunities
2. Impoverished state of poor people in rural and urban areas
3. Missed opportunities in diverse personal circumstances
4. Material as well as non-material deprivations in a human life which restrict human choices permanently
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (a) All deprivations in a human life which stem not only from lack of income but lack of real opportunities
The author says poverty of a life lies not merely in the impoverished state in which a person lives but also in the lack of real opportunity to choose other ways of living. Option (a) captures both parts: lack of income and lack of real opportunities. Option (b) covers only the impoverished state, and (c) covers only missed opportunities. Option (d) adds the word 'permanently', which the passage does not say.
X and Y run a 3 km race along a circular course of length 300 m. Their speeds are in the ratio 3 : 2. If they start together in the same direction, how many times would the first one pass the other (the start-off is not counted as passing)?
1. 2
2. 3
3. 4
4. 5
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (b) 3
While X runs the full 3000 m, Y runs 2/3 of that, i.e. 2000 m. So X gains 1000 m on Y. X passes Y each time he gains one full lap of 300 m: 1000 / 300 = 3.33, so X passes Y 3 times (after gains of 300, 600 and 900 m) before the race ends.
If the order of the letters in the English alphabet is reversed and each letter represents the letter whose position it occupies, then which one of the following represents 'LUCKNOW'?
1. OGXPMLD
2. OGXQMLE
3. OFXPMLE
4. OFXPMLD
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (d) OFXPMLD
In the reversed alphabet, the letter at position n is replaced by the letter at position 27 - n (A becomes Z, B becomes Y, and so on). L (12) becomes O (15), U (21) becomes F (6), C (3) becomes X (24), K (11) becomes P (16), N (14) becomes M (13), O (15) becomes L (12), W (23) becomes D (4). So LUCKNOW is written OFXPMLD.
In a tournament of Chess having 150 entrants, a player is eliminated whenever he loses a match. It is given that no match results in a tie/draw. How many matches are played in the entire tournament?
1. 151
2. 150
3. 149
4. 148
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (c) 149
Every match has exactly one loser, and every loser is eliminated. At the end only the champion is left, so 150 - 1 = 149 players are eliminated. That needs exactly 149 matches.
How many 3-digit natural numbers (without repetition of digits) are there such that each digit is odd and the number is divisible by 5?
1. 8
2. 12
3. 16
4. 24
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (b) 12
The odd digits are 1, 3, 5, 7, 9. To be divisible by 5 with an odd last digit, the units digit must be 5. The hundreds and tens digits are then chosen from the remaining four odd digits 1, 3, 7, 9 without repetition: 4 x 3 = 12 numbers.
Consider the Question and two Statements given below: Question: Is x an integer? Statement-1: x/3 is not an integer. Statement-2: 3x is an integer. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the Question and the Statements?
1. Statement-1 alone is sufficient to answer the Question
2. Statement-2 alone is sufficient to answer the Question
3. Both Statement-1 and Statement-2 are sufficient to answer the Question
4. Both Statement-1 and Statement-2 are not sufficient to answer the Question
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (d) Both Statement-1 and Statement-2 are not sufficient to answer the Question
Statement-1: x = 1 gives x/3 = 1/3 (not an integer) and x is an integer, but x = 1/2 also gives a non-integer x/3 and x is not an integer. Not sufficient. Statement-2: x = 1 and x = 1/3 both make 3x an integer, but only one of them is an integer. Not sufficient. Together: x = 1 (x/3 = 1/3, 3x = 3) and x = 1/3 (x/3 = 1/9, 3x = 1) both satisfy both statements, yet one is an integer and the other is not. So even both statements together are not sufficient.
The increase in the price of a certain item was 25%. Then the price was decreased by 20% and then again increased by 10%. What is the resultant increase in the price?
1. 5%
2. 10%
3. 12.5%
4. 15%
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (b) 10%
Take the original price as 100. After a 25% increase it is 125. A 20% decrease gives 125 x 0.8 = 100. A 10% increase gives 110. The net increase is 10%.
In some places in the world, the productivity of staples such as rice and wheat has reached a plateau. Neither new strains nor fancy agrochemicals are raising the yields. Nor is there much unfarmed land left that is suitable to be brought under the plough. If global temperature continues to rise, some places will become unsuitable for farming. Application of technology can help overcome these problems. Agricultural technology is changing fast. Much of this change is brought about by affluent farmers in the West/Americas. Techniques developed in the West are being adapted in some places to make tropical crops more productive. Technology is of little use if it is not adapted. In the developing world, that applies as much to existing farming techniques as it does to the latest advances in genetic modification. Extending to the smallholders and subsistence farmers of Africa and Asia the best of today's agricultural practices, in such simple matters as how much fertilizers to apply and when, would lead to a greatly increased availability of food for humanity. So would things like better roads and storage facilities, to allow for the carriage of surpluses to markets and reduce wastage.
Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: 1. Development of agricultural technology is confined to developed countries. 2. Agricultural technology is not adapted in developing countries. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (d) Neither 1 nor 2
The passage says 'much' of the change in agricultural technology comes from affluent farmers in the West, not all of it, so it is not confined to developed countries; assumption 1 is invalid. It also says Western techniques are being adapted in some places to make tropical crops more productive, so it is wrong to say technology is not adapted in developing countries; assumption 2 is invalid. Hence neither.
In some places in the world, the productivity of staples such as rice and wheat has reached a plateau. Neither new strains nor fancy agrochemicals are raising the yields. Nor is there much unfarmed land left that is suitable to be brought under the plough. If global temperature continues to rise, some places will become unsuitable for farming. Application of technology can help overcome these problems. Agricultural technology is changing fast. Much of this change is brought about by affluent farmers in the West/Americas. Techniques developed in the West are being adapted in some places to make tropical crops more productive. Technology is of little use if it is not adapted. In the developing world, that applies as much to existing farming techniques as it does to the latest advances in genetic modification. Extending to the smallholders and subsistence farmers of Africa and Asia the best of today's agricultural practices, in such simple matters as how much fertilizers to apply and when, would lead to a greatly increased availability of food for humanity. So would things like better roads and storage facilities, to allow for the carriage of surpluses to markets and reduce wastage.
Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: 1. Poor countries need to bring about change in their existing farming techniques. 2. Developed countries have better infrastructure and they waste less food. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (a) 1 only
The passage says that extending today's best practices (such as how much fertilizer to apply and when) to the smallholders of Africa and Asia would greatly increase food availability, and that adaptation applies as much to existing farming techniques. This assumes poor countries need to change their existing techniques, so 1 is valid. The passage calls for better roads and storage to reduce wastage, but it never compares developed countries' infrastructure or food waste with that of poor countries, so 2 is not a valid assumption.
In some places in the world, the productivity of staples such as rice and wheat has reached a plateau. Neither new strains nor fancy agrochemicals are raising the yields. Nor is there much unfarmed land left that is suitable to be brought under the plough. If global temperature continues to rise, some places will become unsuitable for farming. Application of technology can help overcome these problems. Agricultural technology is changing fast. Much of this change is brought about by affluent farmers in the West/Americas. Techniques developed in the West are being adapted in some places to make tropical crops more productive. Technology is of little use if it is not adapted. In the developing world, that applies as much to existing farming techniques as it does to the latest advances in genetic modification. Extending to the smallholders and subsistence farmers of Africa and Asia the best of today's agricultural practices, in such simple matters as how much fertilizers to apply and when, would lead to a greatly increased availability of food for humanity. So would things like better roads and storage facilities, to allow for the carriage of surpluses to markets and reduce wastage.
Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: 1. Growing enough food for future generations will be a challenge. 2. Corporate farming is a viable option for food security in poor countries. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (a) 1 only
The passage lists problems: yields of staples have plateaued, little suitable land is left, and rising temperatures will make some places unfit for farming. It then looks for ways to increase food availability. This rests on the assumption that producing enough food in future will be a challenge, so 1 is valid. Corporate farming is never mentioned; the passage focuses on smallholders and subsistence farmers, so 2 is not valid.
The letters A, B, C, D and E are arranged in such a way that there are exactly two letters between A and E. How many such arrangements are possible?
1. 12
2. 18
3. 24
4. 36
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (c) 24
In a row of 5 places, two letters between A and E means their positions differ by 3: positions (1, 4) or (2, 5). That is 2 position pairs, and A and E can swap within each pair, giving 2 x 2 = 4 ways. The other three letters B, C, D fill the remaining 3 places in 3! = 6 ways. Total = 4 x 6 = 24.
Consider the Question and two Statements given below: Question: Is Z brother of X? Statement-1: X is a brother of Y and Y is a brother of Z. Statement-2: X, Y and Z are siblings. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the Question and the Statements?
1. Statement-1 alone is sufficient to answer the Question
2. Statement-2 alone is sufficient to answer the Question
3. Both Statement-1 and Statement-2 are sufficient to answer the Question
4. Both Statement-1 and Statement-2 are not sufficient to answer the Question
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (d) Both Statement-1 and Statement-2 are not sufficient to answer the Question
Statement-1 tells us that X and Y are male and that X, Y, Z are siblings, but it says nothing about the gender of Z. Statement-2 only says they are siblings. To be X's brother, Z must be male, and neither statement, alone or together, gives Z's gender. Z could be X's sister. So both statements together are not sufficient.
On one side of a 1.01 km long road, 101 plants are planted at equal distance from each other. What is the total distance between 5 consecutive plants?
1. 40 m
2. 40.4 m
3. 50 m
4. 50.5 m
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (b) 40.4 m
With 101 plants along the road from one end to the other there are 100 equal gaps, so each gap is 1010 m / 100 = 10.1 m. Five consecutive plants have 4 gaps between them: 4 x 10.1 = 40.4 m.
A, B and C are three places such that there are three different roads from A to B, four different roads from B to C and three different roads from A to C. In how many different ways can one travel from A to C using these roads?
1. 10
2. 13
3. 15
4. 36
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (c) 15
Going via B: 3 roads from A to B times 4 roads from B to C = 12 ways. Going directly: 3 ways. Total = 12 + 3 = 15.
A has some coins. He gives half of the coins and 2 more to B. B gives half of the coins and 2 more to C. C gives half of the coins and 2 more to D. The number of coins D has now, is the smallest two-digit number. How many coins does A have in the beginning?
1. 76
2. 68
3. 60
4. 52
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (d) 52
Work backwards. D ends with 10 coins, which C gave as half of C's coins plus 2: C/2 + 2 = 10, so C had 16. B gave C 16 coins: B/2 + 2 = 16, so B had 28. A gave B 28 coins: A/2 + 2 = 28, so A had 52. Check: 52 to 26 + 2 = 28 to B; 14 + 2 = 16 to C; 8 + 2 = 10 to D.
In the series AABABCABCDABCDE..., which letter appears at the 100th place?
1. G
2. H
3. I
4. J
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (c) I
The series is made of blocks A, AB, ABC, ABCD, ... with lengths 1, 2, 3, 4, .... The first 13 blocks contain 1 + 2 + ... + 13 = 13 x 14 / 2 = 91 letters. So the 100th letter is the 9th letter of the 14th block (ABCD...N), which is I.
Three persons A, B and C are standing in a queue not necessarily in the same order. There are 4 persons between A and B, and 7 persons between B and C. If there are 11 persons ahead of C and 13 behind A, what could be the minimum number of persons in the queue?
1. 22
2. 28
3. 32
4. 38
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (a) 22
With 11 persons ahead of C, C is 12th from the front. B is 8 places away from C (7 persons between), so B is 4th or 20th. A is 5 places away from B (4 persons between). The number in the queue is A's position + 13, so we want A as near the front as possible. With B 4th, A can be 9th (A cannot be at position -1). Then the queue has 9 + 13 = 22 persons: B 4th, A 9th, C 12th, which satisfies every condition.
Natural selection cannot anticipate future environments on the earth. Therefore, the set of existing organisms can never be fully prepared for environmental catastrophes that await life. An outcome of this is the extinction of those species which cannot overcome environmental adversity. This failure to survive, in modern terms, can be attributed to the genomes which are unable to withstand geological vagaries or biological mishaps (infections, diseases and so on). In biological evolution on the earth, extinction of species has been a major feature. The earth may presently have up to ten million species, yet more than 90% of species that have ever lived on the earth are now extinct. Once again, the creationist doctrines fail to satisfactorily address why a divine creator will firstly bother to create millions of species and then allow them to perish. The Darwinian explanation for extinct life is once again simple, elegant and at once convincing - organisms go extinct as a function of environmental or biological assaults for which their inheritance deems them ill-equipped. Therefore, the so-called Darwinian theory of evolution is not a theory at all. Evolution happens - this is a fact. The mechanism of evolution (Darwin proposed natural selection) is amply supported by scientific data. Indeed, to date no single zoological, botanical, geological, paleontological, genetic or physical evidence has refuted either of the central two main Darwinian ideas. If religion is not taken into consideration, Darwinian laws are acceptable just like the laws proposed by Copernicus, Galileo, Newton and Einstein - sets of natural laws that explain natural phenomena in the universe.
According to the passage, natural selection cannot anticipate future environments on the earth as 1. species not fully prepared to face the environmental changes that await them will face extinction 2. all the existing species would get extinct as their genomes will not withstand biological mishaps 3. inability of the genome to withstand environmental changes would result in extinction 4. extinction of species is a common feature Select the correct answer using the code given below.
1. 1, 2 and 3
2. 2, 3 and 4
3. 1, 3 and 4
4. 1, 2 and 4
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (c) 1, 3 and 4
The passage says organisms can never be fully prepared for coming catastrophes, so species that cannot overcome adversity go extinct (1). It attributes this failure to genomes that cannot withstand geological vagaries or biological mishaps (3). It adds that extinction has been a major feature of evolution, with over 90% of all species now extinct (4). Statement 2 is too sweeping: the passage speaks of extinction of those species that cannot cope, not of all existing species. Hence 1, 3 and 4.
Natural selection cannot anticipate future environments on the earth. Therefore, the set of existing organisms can never be fully prepared for environmental catastrophes that await life. An outcome of this is the extinction of those species which cannot overcome environmental adversity. This failure to survive, in modern terms, can be attributed to the genomes which are unable to withstand geological vagaries or biological mishaps (infections, diseases and so on). In biological evolution on the earth, extinction of species has been a major feature. The earth may presently have up to ten million species, yet more than 90% of species that have ever lived on the earth are now extinct. Once again, the creationist doctrines fail to satisfactorily address why a divine creator will firstly bother to create millions of species and then allow them to perish. The Darwinian explanation for extinct life is once again simple, elegant and at once convincing - organisms go extinct as a function of environmental or biological assaults for which their inheritance deems them ill-equipped. Therefore, the so-called Darwinian theory of evolution is not a theory at all. Evolution happens - this is a fact. The mechanism of evolution (Darwin proposed natural selection) is amply supported by scientific data. Indeed, to date no single zoological, botanical, geological, paleontological, genetic or physical evidence has refuted either of the central two main Darwinian ideas. If religion is not taken into consideration, Darwinian laws are acceptable just like the laws proposed by Copernicus, Galileo, Newton and Einstein - sets of natural laws that explain natural phenomena in the universe.
The passage suggests that Darwinian theory of evolution is not a theory at all because
1. it does not satisfy the creationist doctrine
2. extinction is a function of environment and biological assaults
3. there are no evidences to refute it
4. existence of organisms is attributed to a creator
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (b) extinction is a function of environment and biological assaults
The sentence 'Therefore, the so-called Darwinian theory of evolution is not a theory at all' comes right after the Darwinian explanation that organisms go extinct as a function of environmental or biological assaults. The word 'therefore' links the conclusion to this explanation: because extinction is simply the result of such assaults, evolution is an observed fact, not a mere theory. So (b) is keyed. Option (c) is tempting, but the remark that no evidence has refuted Darwin comes later as additional support, not as the reason given by 'therefore'. Options (a) and (d) refer to the creationist view, which the author rejects.
Natural selection cannot anticipate future environments on the earth. Therefore, the set of existing organisms can never be fully prepared for environmental catastrophes that await life. An outcome of this is the extinction of those species which cannot overcome environmental adversity. This failure to survive, in modern terms, can be attributed to the genomes which are unable to withstand geological vagaries or biological mishaps (infections, diseases and so on). In biological evolution on the earth, extinction of species has been a major feature. The earth may presently have up to ten million species, yet more than 90% of species that have ever lived on the earth are now extinct. Once again, the creationist doctrines fail to satisfactorily address why a divine creator will firstly bother to create millions of species and then allow them to perish. The Darwinian explanation for extinct life is once again simple, elegant and at once convincing - organisms go extinct as a function of environmental or biological assaults for which their inheritance deems them ill-equipped. Therefore, the so-called Darwinian theory of evolution is not a theory at all. Evolution happens - this is a fact. The mechanism of evolution (Darwin proposed natural selection) is amply supported by scientific data. Indeed, to date no single zoological, botanical, geological, paleontological, genetic or physical evidence has refuted either of the central two main Darwinian ideas. If religion is not taken into consideration, Darwinian laws are acceptable just like the laws proposed by Copernicus, Galileo, Newton and Einstein - sets of natural laws that explain natural phenomena in the universe.
With reference to the passage, the following assumptions have been made: 1. Only species that have the ability to overcome environmental catastrophes will survive and perpetuate. 2. More than 90% of the species on the earth are in the danger of getting extinct due to drastic changes in the environment. 3. Darwin's theory explains all the natural phenomena. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
1. 1 only
2. 1 and 2 only
3. 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (a) 1 only
The passage says species that cannot overcome environmental adversity go extinct, which assumes that only those able to overcome such catastrophes survive and carry on; so 1 is valid. Assumption 2 misreads the figure: the passage says more than 90% of species that have ever lived are already extinct, not that 90% of present species are in danger. Assumption 3 overstates the passage, which only says Darwinian laws, like those of Newton or Einstein, are natural laws that explain natural phenomena; it does not claim Darwin's theory explains all of them. Hence 1 only.
With steady economic growth, higher literacy and increasing skill levels, the number of Indian middle-class families has gone up exponentially. Direct results of the affluence have been changes in dietary patterns and energy consumption levels. People have moved to a higher protein-based diet like milk products, fish and meat, all of which need significantly more water to produce than cereal-based diets. Increasing use of electronic and electric machines/gadgets and motor vehicles needs more and more energy and generation of energy needs water.
Which one of the following statements best reflects the crux of the passage?
1. People should be persuaded to continue with the mainly Indian traditional cereal-based diets.
2. India needs to focus on developing agricultural productivity and capacity for more energy generation in the coming years.
3. Modern technological developments result in the change of cultural and social behaviour of the people.
4. Water management practices in India need to change dramatically in the coming years.
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (d) Water management practices in India need to change dramatically in the coming years.
Both changes described in the passage, a protein-rich diet and higher energy use, lead to one common point: much greater demand for water. The crux is therefore that India's water needs will rise sharply and its water management must change, option (d). The passage does not ask people to go back to cereal diets (a), and it does not discuss agricultural productivity (b) or cultural behaviour (c); these miss the common thread of water.
How many seconds in total are there in x weeks, x days, x hours, x minutes and x seconds?
1. 11580x
2. 11581x
3. 694860x
4. 694861x
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (d) 694861x
One week = 7 x 86400 = 604800 s, one day = 86400 s, one hour = 3600 s, one minute = 60 s, plus 1 s. Total per unit of x = 604800 + 86400 + 3600 + 60 + 1 = 694861. So the answer is 694861x.
P, Q, R, S, T and U are six members of a family. R is the spouse of Q. U is the mother of T and S is the daughter of U. P's daughter is T and R's son is P. There are two couples in the family. Which one of the following is correct?
1. Q is the grandfather of T
2. Q is the grandmother of T
3. R is the mother of P
4. T is the granddaughter of Q
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
UPSC dropped this question from evaluation.UPSC ने इस प्रश्न को मूल्यांकन से हटा दिया।
UPSC dropped this question, so no option is counted as the answer. Working: P is R's son and T is P's daughter, so T is a granddaughter of R. U is T's mother, so U is P's wife, and S is another daughter of U. The two couples are Q-R and P-U. The genders of Q and R are never stated, so we cannot tell whether Q is a grandfather or a grandmother, or whether R is P's mother or father. The data also say only that P is R's son, not explicitly Q's son, so Q's link to T rests on Q being R's spouse. Because the information does not settle the options cleanly, the question was withdrawn.
Consider the Question and two Statements given below in respect of three cities P, Q and R in a State: Question: How far is city P from city Q? Statement-1: City Q is 18 km from city R. Statement-2: City P is 43 km from city R. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the Question and the Statements?
1. Statement-1 alone is sufficient to answer the Question
2. Statement-2 alone is sufficient to answer the Question
3. Both Statement-1 and Statement-2 are sufficient to answer the Question
4. Both Statement-1 and Statement-2 are not sufficient to answer the Question
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (d) Both Statement-1 and Statement-2 are not sufficient to answer the Question
Each statement alone gives the distance of only one of P or Q from R, so neither alone helps. Together we know QR = 18 km and PR = 43 km, but not the directions. If Q lies between P and R on a straight line, PQ = 43 - 18 = 25 km; if R lies between them, PQ = 43 + 18 = 61 km; in other layouts PQ can be anything in between. So even together the statements are not sufficient.
Two Statements followed by four Conclusions are given below. You have to take the Statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from the commonly known facts. Read all the Conclusions and then decide which of the given Conclusions logically follows/follow from the Statements, disregarding the commonly known facts: Statement-1: All pens are books. Statement-2: No chair is a pen. Conclusion-I: All chairs are books. Conclusion-II: Some chairs are pens. Conclusion-III: All books are chairs. Conclusion-IV: No chair is a book. Which one of the following is correct?
1. Only Conclusion-I
2. Only Conclusion-II
3. Both Conclusion-III and Conclusion-IV
4. None of the Conclusions follows
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (d) None of the Conclusions follows
Pens lie inside books, and chairs lie outside pens. Chairs may or may not overlap the part of books that is not pens. So 'All chairs are books' (I) and 'No chair is a book' (IV) are both only possibilities, not certainties. II directly contradicts Statement-2. III is not supported: nothing says books are chairs, and since pens are books but not chairs, III is actually false. None of the conclusions follows.
Three Statements followed by three Conclusions are given below. You have to take the Statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from the commonly known facts. Read all the Conclusions and then decide which of the given Conclusions logically follows/follow from the Statements, disregarding the commonly known facts: Statement-1: Some doctors are teachers. Statement-2: All teachers are engineers. Statement-3: All engineers are scientists. Conclusion-I: Some scientists are doctors. Conclusion-II: All engineers are doctors. Conclusion-III: Some engineers are doctors. Which one of the following is correct?
1. Only Conclusion-I
2. Only Conclusion-II
3. Both Conclusion-I and Conclusion-III
4. Both Conclusion-I and Conclusion-II
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (c) Both Conclusion-I and Conclusion-III
The doctors who are teachers are also engineers (all teachers are engineers), so some engineers are doctors: III follows. Those same people are scientists too (all engineers are scientists), so some scientists are doctors: I follows. Nothing says every engineer is a doctor, so II does not follow. Hence I and III.
Eight students A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H sit around a circular table, equidistant from each other, facing the centre of the table, not necessarily in the same order. B and D sit neither adjacent to C nor opposite to C. A sits in between E and D, and F sits in between B and H. Which one of the following is definitely correct?
1. B sits in between A and G
2. C sits opposite to G
3. E sits opposite to F
4. None of the above
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (d) None of the above
E, A, D sit together with A in the middle, and B, F, H sit together with F in the middle. Since B and D cannot be next to or opposite C, several seatings are still possible. For example, going round the table: A, D, G, B, F, H, C, E (here C is opposite G, E is not opposite F, and B is between G and F, not A and G), and A, D, H, F, B, G, C, E (here E is opposite F, but C is not opposite G). Both satisfy every condition. Since (a), (b) and (c) each fail in at least one valid seating, none of them is definitely correct.
For two or three generations past, ever-increasing numbers of individuals have been living as workers merely, not as human beings. An excessive amount of labour is rule today in every circle of society, with the result that man's spiritual element cannot thrive. He finds it very difficult to spend his little leisure in serious activities. He does not want to think; or he cannot even if he wants to. He seeks not self-improvement, but entertainment which would enable him to be mentally idle and to forget his usual activities. Therefore, the so-called culture of our age is dependant more on cinema than on theatre, more on newspapers, magazines and crime stories than on serious literature.
The passage is based on the idea that
1. man should not work hard
2. the great evil of our age is overstrain
3. man cannot think well
4. man cannot care for his spiritual welfare
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (b) the great evil of our age is overstrain
The root idea of the passage is that an excessive amount of labour rules every circle of society, and everything else follows from it: the spiritual element cannot thrive, people cannot think seriously in their little leisure, and culture turns to light entertainment. So the passage is built on the idea that overstrain is the great evil of the age, option (b). Options (c) and (d) are consequences of overwork described in the passage, not its basic idea. Option (a) is a prescription the passage does not make.
For two or three generations past, ever-increasing numbers of individuals have been living as workers merely, not as human beings. An excessive amount of labour is rule today in every circle of society, with the result that man's spiritual element cannot thrive. He finds it very difficult to spend his little leisure in serious activities. He does not want to think; or he cannot even if he wants to. He seeks not self-improvement, but entertainment which would enable him to be mentally idle and to forget his usual activities. Therefore, the so-called culture of our age is dependant more on cinema than on theatre, more on newspapers, magazines and crime stories than on serious literature.
Man does not seek self-improvement because he
1. is not intellectually capable
2. has no time to do so
3. is distracted by materialism
4. loves amusement and is mentally idle
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (d) loves amusement and is mentally idle
The passage says man 'seeks not self-improvement, but entertainment which would enable him to be mentally idle and to forget his usual activities'. So he turns to amusement and mental idleness instead, option (d). He does have 'little leisure', so (b) is not what the passage says, and nothing is said about lack of intellectual capacity (a) or materialism (c).
The demographic dividend, which has begun in India and is expected to last another few decades, is a great window of opportunity. The demographic dividend is basically a swelling in the working age population, which conversely means that the relative ratio of very young and very old will, for a while, be on the decline. From the experience of Ireland and China, we know that this can be a source of energy and an engine of economic growth. The demographic dividend tends to raise a nation's savings rate since in any nation, it is the working age population that is the main saver. And since the savings rate is an important driver of growth, this should help elevate our growth rate. However, the benefits of demographic dividend depend on the quality of the working age population. And this implies bringing back the importance of education, acquisition of skills and human capital.
Which of the following would invariably happen in a country, when the demographic dividend has begun to operate? 1. The number of illiterate people will decrease. 2. The ratio of very old and very young will decrease for a while. 3. Population growth rate will quickly stabilize. Select the correct answer using the code given below.
1. 1 and 2 only
2. 2 only
3. 1 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (b) 2 only
By definition, the demographic dividend is a swelling of the working age population, which means the relative ratio of the very young and very old will, for a while, decline. So 2 always happens. The passage says the benefits depend on the quality of the workforce and that education must be stressed, which shows literacy does not rise automatically (1 does not invariably happen). Population growth stabilising (3) is not mentioned. Hence 2 only.
The demographic dividend, which has begun in India and is expected to last another few decades, is a great window of opportunity. The demographic dividend is basically a swelling in the working age population, which conversely means that the relative ratio of very young and very old will, for a while, be on the decline. From the experience of Ireland and China, we know that this can be a source of energy and an engine of economic growth. The demographic dividend tends to raise a nation's savings rate since in any nation, it is the working age population that is the main saver. And since the savings rate is an important driver of growth, this should help elevate our growth rate. However, the benefits of demographic dividend depend on the quality of the working age population. And this implies bringing back the importance of education, acquisition of skills and human capital.
With reference to the passage, which of the following inferences can be drawn? 1. Demographic dividend is an essential condition for a country to rapidly increase its economic growth rate. 2. Promotion of higher education is an essential condition for a country for its rapid economic growth. Select the correct answer using the code given below.
1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (d) Neither 1 nor 2
The passage says the demographic dividend can be a source of energy and an engine of growth, and that it should help raise the growth rate. It never says that rapid growth is impossible without it, so calling it an essential condition (1) goes too far. The passage stresses education, skills and human capital to make the dividend useful, but it does not single out higher education as an essential condition for rapid growth (2). Neither inference can be drawn.
Five friends P, Q, X, Y and Z purchased some notebooks. The relevant information is given below: 1. Z purchased 8 notebooks more than X did. 2. P and Q together purchased 21 notebooks. 3. Q purchased 5 notebooks less than P did. 4. X and Y together purchased 28 notebooks. 5. P purchased 5 notebooks more than X did. If each notebook is priced ₹ 40, then what is the total cost of all the notebooks?
1. ₹ 2,600
2. ₹ 2,400
3. ₹ 2,360
4. ₹ 2,320
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (a) ₹ 2,600
From P + Q = 21 and Q = P - 5: 2P - 5 = 21, so P = 13 and Q = 8. P = X + 5 gives X = 8. Then Z = X + 8 = 16 and Y = 28 - X = 20. Total notebooks = 13 + 8 + 8 + 20 + 16 = 65. Cost = 65 x ₹ 40 = ₹ 2,600.
A man started from home at 14:30 hours and drove to village, arriving there when the village clock indicated 15:15 hours. After staying for 25 minutes, he drove back by a different route of length 1.25 times the first route at a rate twice as fast reaching home at 16:00 hours. As compared to the clock at home, the village clock is
1. 10 minutes slow
2. 5 minutes slow
3. 10 minutes fast
4. 5 minutes fast
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (d) 5 minutes fast
By the home clock he was away from 14:30 to 16:00, i.e. 90 minutes. Take out the 25-minute stay: 65 minutes of driving. If the outward trip took t minutes, the return route is 1.25 times as long at twice the speed, so it takes 1.25t / 2 = 0.625t. Then t + 0.625t = 65, so t = 40 minutes. He actually reached the village at 14:30 + 40 min = 15:10 by home time, but the village clock showed 15:15. So the village clock is 5 minutes fast.
A person X wants to distribute some pens among six children A, B, C, D, E and F. Suppose A gets twice the number of pens received by B, three times that of C, four times that of D, five times that of E and six times that of F. What is the minimum number of pens X should buy so that the number of pens each one gets is an even number?
1. 147
2. 150
3. 294
4. 300
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (c) 294
A's share must be divisible by 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, so A = 60k. Then B = 30k, C = 20k, D = 15k, E = 12k, F = 10k, and the total is 60k + 30k + 20k + 15k + 12k + 10k = 147k. For D = 15k to be even, k must be even, so the smallest k is 2. Minimum pens = 147 x 2 = 294 (A 120, B 60, C 40, D 30, E 24, F 20, all even).
Six persons A, B, C, D, E and F are sitting equidistant from each other around a circular table (facing the centre of the table). Consider the Question and two Statements given below: Question: Who is sitting on the immediate left of A? Statement-1: B is sitting opposite to C and D is sitting opposite to E. Statement-2: F is sitting on the immediate left of B. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the Question and the Statements?
1. Statement-1 alone is sufficient to answer the Question
2. Statement-2 alone is sufficient to answer the Question
3. Both Statement-1 and Statement-2 are sufficient to answer the Question
4. Both Statement-1 and Statement-2 are not sufficient to answer the Question
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (d) Both Statement-1 and Statement-2 are not sufficient to answer the Question
Statement-1 fixes two opposite pairs (B-C and D-E), so A must be opposite F, but gives no order. Statement-2 alone only places F next to B. Together: number the seats 1 to 6 going round so that each person's immediate left is the previous seat. Put A in seat 1 and F opposite in seat 4. F is on B's immediate left, so B is in seat 5 and C, opposite B, is in seat 2. D and E take seats 3 and 6, opposite each other, in either order. A's immediate left is seat 6, which can be D or E. So even both statements together are not sufficient.
Consider the Question and two Statements given below: Question: What is the age of Manisha? Statement-1: Manisha is 24 years younger than her mother. Statement-2: 5 years later, the ages of Manisha and her mother will be in the ratio 3 : 5. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the Question and the Statements?
1. Statement-1 alone is sufficient to answer the Question
2. Statement-2 alone is sufficient to answer the Question
3. Both Statement-1 and Statement-2 are sufficient to answer the Question
4. Both Statement-1 and Statement-2 are not sufficient to answer the Question
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (c) Both Statement-1 and Statement-2 are sufficient to answer the Question
Each statement alone gives one equation in two unknowns (Manisha's age m and her mother's age), so neither is enough. Together: mother = m + 24, and (m + 5) / (m + 29) = 3/5. So 5m + 25 = 3m + 87, giving m = 31. Check: in 5 years they will be 36 and 60, ratio 3 : 5. Both statements together are sufficient.
Six lectures A, B, C, D, E and F, each of one hour duration, are scheduled between 8:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m. Consider the Question and two Statements given below: Question: Which lecture is in the third period? Statement-1: Lecture F is preceded by A and followed by C. Statement-2: There is no lecture after lecture B. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the Question and the Statements?
1. Statement-1 alone is sufficient to answer the Question
2. Statement-2 alone is sufficient to answer the Question
3. Both Statement-1 and Statement-2 are sufficient to answer the Question
4. Both Statement-1 and Statement-2 are not sufficient to answer the Question
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (d) Both Statement-1 and Statement-2 are not sufficient to answer the Question
There are six one-hour periods. Statement-2 puts B in the sixth period. Statement-1 places A, F, C in that order (A just before F, C just after F). With B last, the block A-F-C can occupy periods 1-3, 2-4 or 3-5, with D and E in the remaining periods. The third period could then be C, F or A, and even more cases arise if 'preceded' and 'followed' are not taken as immediate. So the two statements together are not sufficient.
In an economic organization, allowing mankind to benefit by the productivity of machines should lead to a very good life of leisure, and much leisure is apt to be tedious except to those who have intelligent activities and interests. If a leisured population is to be happy, it must be an educated population, and must be educated with a view to enjoyment as well as to the direct usefulness of technical knowledge.
Which of the following statements best reflects the underlying tone of the passage?
1. Only an educated population can best make use of the benefits of economic progress.
2. All economic development should be aimed at the creation of leisure.
3. An increase in the educated population of a country leads to an increase in the happiness of its people.
4. Use of machines should be encouraged in order to create a large leisured population.
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (a) Only an educated population can best make use of the benefits of economic progress.
The passage says machine productivity should give people much leisure, but leisure is tedious except for those with intelligent interests, so a leisured population can be happy only if it is educated. In other words, only an educated population can truly enjoy the fruits of economic progress, option (a). Option (c) reverses the logic: education is a necessary condition for happiness in leisure, not a guarantee that more education means more happiness. Options (b) and (d) make policy claims about the aim of development and the use of machines that the passage does not make.
If presents bring less thrill now that we are grown up, perhaps it is because we have too much already; or perhaps it is because we have lost the fullness of the joy of giving, and with it the fullness of the joy of receiving. Children's fears are poignant, their miseries are acute, but they do not look too forward nor too far backward. Their joys are clear and complete, because they have not yet learnt always to add 'but' to every proposition. Perhaps we are too cautious, too anxious, too sceptical. Perhaps some of our cares would shrink if we thought less about them and entered with more single-minded enjoyment into the happiness that come our way.
With reference to the passage, which one of the following statements is correct?
1. It is not possible for adults to feel thrilled by presents.
2. There can be more than one reason why adults feel less thrilled by presents.
3. The author does not know why adults feel less thrilled by presents.
4. Adults have less capacity to feel the joy of loving or being loved.
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (b) There can be more than one reason why adults feel less thrilled by presents.
The author offers two possible explanations: 'perhaps' we have too much already, 'or perhaps' we have lost the fullness of the joy of giving and receiving. So there can be more than one reason, option (b). Option (a) is too strong; the passage says 'less thrill', not none. Option (c) misreads the tentative 'perhaps': the author does suggest reasons. Option (d) talks of loving and being loved, which the passage does not discuss.
If presents bring less thrill now that we are grown up, perhaps it is because we have too much already; or perhaps it is because we have lost the fullness of the joy of giving, and with it the fullness of the joy of receiving. Children's fears are poignant, their miseries are acute, but they do not look too forward nor too far backward. Their joys are clear and complete, because they have not yet learnt always to add 'but' to every proposition. Perhaps we are too cautious, too anxious, too sceptical. Perhaps some of our cares would shrink if we thought less about them and entered with more single-minded enjoyment into the happiness that come our way.
The author of the passage is against
1. worrying too much about the past and future
2. being in the habit of thinking about presents
3. not being thrilled by new things
4. giving and receiving joy only partially
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (a) worrying too much about the past and future
The author contrasts children, who 'do not look too forward nor too far backward', with adults who are too cautious, anxious and sceptical, and suggests our cares would shrink if we thought less about them. What he objects to is excessive worrying about what has been and what may come, option (a). Option (d) describes a loss the author notes in adults, but his criticism is aimed at the anxious habit of mind behind it. Options (b) and (c) are not what the passage argues against.
Let A, B and C represent distinct non-zero digits. Suppose x is the sum of all possible 3-digit numbers formed by A, B and C without repetition. Consider the following statements: 1. The 4-digit least value of x is 1332. 2. The 3-digit greatest value of x is 888. Which of the above statements is/are correct?
1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (a) 1 only
The six numbers formed by A, B, C put each digit twice in each place, so x = 2 x (100 + 10 + 1) x (A + B + C) = 222(A + B + C). The smallest possible sum of three distinct non-zero digits is 1 + 2 + 3 = 6, so the least value of x is 222 x 6 = 1332, a 4-digit number; statement 1 is correct. Since x is always at least 1332, x can never be a 3-digit number (888 would need A + B + C = 4, which is impossible); statement 2 is wrong.
There is a numeric lock which has a 3-digit PIN. The PIN contains digits 1 to 7. There is no repetition of digits. The digits in the PIN from left to right are in decreasing order. Any two digits in the PIN differ by at least 2. How many maximum attempts does one need to find out the PIN with certainty?
1. 6
2. 8
3. 10
4. 12
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (c) 10
Since the digits are in decreasing order, each PIN is just a choice of 3 digits from 1 to 7 with no two consecutive. List them by the largest digit: 7 gives 753, 752, 751, 742, 741, 731 (6); 6 gives 642, 641, 631 (3); 5 gives 531 (1). Total = 10 possible PINs (the formula C(5, 3) = 10 gives the same). Trying all 10 guarantees finding the PIN.
There are eight equidistant points on a circle. How many right-angled triangles can be drawn using these points as vertices and taking the diameter as one side of the triangle?
1. 24
2. 16
3. 12
4. 8
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (a) 24
With 8 equally spaced points, the points pair up into 4 diameters. A triangle with a diameter as one side and its third vertex on the circle is right-angled (angle in a semicircle). For each diameter, the third vertex can be any of the other 6 points. Number of triangles = 4 x 6 = 24.
24 men and 12 women can do a piece of work in 30 days. In how many days can 12 men and 24 women do the same piece of work?
1. 30 days
2. More than 30 days
3. Less than 30 days or more than 30 days
4. Data is inadequate to draw any conclusion
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (d) Data is inadequate to draw any conclusion
The answer depends on how a man's work rate compares with a woman's, which is not given. If a man and a woman work equally fast, 12 men and 24 women are the same as 36 equal workers, so it takes 30 days. If men are faster, swapping 12 men for 12 women slows the group and it takes more than 30 days; if women are faster, it takes less. Since any of these is possible, the data are inadequate.
What is the remainder when 91 x 92 x 93 x 94 x 95 x 96 x 97 x 98 x 99 is divided by 1261?
1. 3
2. 2
3. 1
4. 0
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (d) 0
Factorise the divisor: 1261 = 13 x 97. The product contains 91 = 7 x 13 and also 97 itself, so it is divisible by 13 x 97 = 1261. The remainder is 0.
Consider the following statements in respect of a rectangular sheet of length 20 cm and breadth 8 cm: 1. It is possible to cut the sheet exactly into 4 square sheets. 2. It is possible to cut the sheet into 10 triangular sheets of equal area. Which of the above statements is/are correct?
1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (c) Both 1 and 2
Statement 1: cut two 8 cm x 8 cm squares from the 20 cm length, leaving a 4 cm x 8 cm strip, which splits into two 4 cm x 4 cm squares. That is exactly 4 squares (64 + 64 + 16 + 16 = 160 sq cm). Statement 2: cut the sheet into 5 rectangles of 4 cm x 8 cm and cut each along a diagonal; this gives 10 triangles, each of area 16 sq cm. Both are correct.
When 70% of a number x is added to another number y, the sum becomes 165% of the value of y. When 60% of the number x is added to another number z, then the sum becomes 165% of the value of z. Which one of the following is correct?
1. z < x < y
2. x < y < z
3. y < x < z
4. z < y < x
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (a) z < x < y
From 0.7x + y = 1.65y we get 0.7x = 0.65y, so y = 14x/13, which is greater than x. From 0.6x + z = 1.65z we get 0.6x = 0.65z, so z = 12x/13, which is less than x (taking x positive). So z < x < y.
The majority of people who fail to accumulate money sufficient for their needs, are generally, easily influenced by the opinions of others. They permit the newspapers and the gossiping neighbours to do their thinking for them. Opinions are the cheapest commodities on the earth. Everyone has a flock of opinions ready to be wished upon by anyone who will accept them. If you are influenced by opinions when you reach decisions, you will not succeed in any undertaking.
Which one of the following is implied by the passage?
1. Most of the people do not accumulate money for their needs.
2. Most of the people never fail to accumulate money for their needs.
3. There are people who fail to accumulate money for their needs.
4. There is no need to accumulate money.
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (c) There are people who fail to accumulate money for their needs.
The passage begins with 'The majority of people who fail to accumulate money sufficient for their needs', which takes for granted that such people exist. So (c) is implied. The 'majority' in the passage refers to the majority among those who fail, not the majority of all people, so (a) and (b) misread it. Option (d) goes against the passage, which treats accumulating enough money as desirable.
The majority of people who fail to accumulate money sufficient for their needs, are generally, easily influenced by the opinions of others. They permit the newspapers and the gossiping neighbours to do their thinking for them. Opinions are the cheapest commodities on the earth. Everyone has a flock of opinions ready to be wished upon by anyone who will accept them. If you are influenced by opinions when you reach decisions, you will not succeed in any undertaking.
What is the main idea of the passage?
1. People should not be influenced by the opinions of others.
2. People should accumulate as much money as they can.
3. People should neither give nor accept the opinions.
4. People will succeed in any undertaking if they do not accept any opinion at all.
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (a) People should not be influenced by the opinions of others.
The passage ends with its key point: if you are influenced by opinions when you reach decisions, you will not succeed. The main idea is that people should not let others' opinions sway them, option (a). Option (d) reverses the logic: the passage says being influenced leads to failure, not that refusing every opinion guarantees success. Option (c) adds a rule about giving opinions that is not there, and (b) is not the focus.
"The social order is a sacred right which is the basis of all other rights. Nevertheless, this right does not come from nature, and must therefore be founded on conventions."
With reference to the above passage, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Conventions are the sources of rights of man. 2. Rights of man can be exercised only when there is a social order. Select the correct answer using the code given below.
1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (c) Both 1 and 2
The social order is the basis of all other rights, and it is founded on conventions rather than nature. So conventions underlie the social order and, through it, all rights of man: statement 1 is correct. Since all other rights rest on the social order, they cannot exist or be exercised without it: statement 2 is correct. Hence both.
Two candidates X and Y contested an election. 80% of voters cast their vote and there were no invalid votes. There was no NOTA (None of the above) option. X got 56% of the votes cast and won by 1440 votes. What is the total number of voters in the voters list?
1. 15000
2. 12000
3. 9600
4. 5000
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (a) 15000
X got 56% of the votes cast and Y got 44%, so the winning margin is 12% of the votes cast. 12% of votes cast = 1440, so votes cast = 1440 / 0.12 = 12000. These are 80% of all voters, so total voters = 12000 / 0.8 = 15000.
What is the smallest number greater than 1000 that when divided by any one of the numbers 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 leaves a remainder of 3?
1. 1063
2. 1073
3. 1083
4. 1183
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (c) 1083
The number must be 3 more than a common multiple of 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18. LCM = 2^2 x 3^2 x 5 = 180. Multiples of 180 plus 3: 900 + 3 = 903 (below 1000), 1080 + 3 = 1083. So the answer is 1083.
Let p be a two-digit number and q be the number consisting of same digits written in reverse order. If p x q = 2430, then what is the difference between p and q?
1. 45
2. 27
3. 18
4. 9
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (d) 9
2430 = 2 x 3^5 x 5. Look for a factor pair that are reverses of each other: 45 x 54 = 2430. So p and q are 45 and 54, and their difference is 9. (Also, the difference of a two-digit number and its reverse is always 9 times the difference of the digits, here 9 x 1.)
Consider the following statements in respect of two natural numbers p and q such that p is a prime number and q is a composite number: 1. p x q can be an odd number. 2. q/p can be a prime number. 3. p + q can be a prime number. Which of the above statements are correct?
1. 1 and 2 only
2. 2 and 3 only
3. 1 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (d) 1, 2 and 3
Each statement only needs one example. 1: p = 3, q = 9 gives p x q = 27, odd. 2: p = 2, q = 6 gives q/p = 3, prime. 3: p = 2, q = 9 gives p + q = 11, prime. All three are possible, so all are correct.
Consider the following statements: 1. Between 3:16 p.m. and 3:17 p.m., both hour hand and minute hand coincide. 2. Between 4:58 p.m. and 4:59 p.m., both minute hand and second hand coincide. Which of the above statements is/are correct?
1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (c) Both 1 and 2
1: Between 3 and 4 o'clock the hands coincide 15 x 12/11 = 180/11 = 16 4/11 minutes past 3, about 3:16:22, which lies between 3:16 and 3:17. Correct. 2: Between 4:58 and 4:59 the minute hand moves from the 58-minute mark to the 59-minute mark, while the second hand makes one full turn, starting behind the minute hand and ending ahead of it, so it must pass over the minute hand once. They meet when s = 58 + s/60, that is s = 3480/59 = 58 58/59 seconds past 4:58 (about 4:58:59). Correct. Both statements are correct.
There are two containers X and Y. X contains 100 ml of milk and Y contains 100 ml of water. 20 ml of milk from X is transferred to Y. After mixing well, 20 ml of the mixture in Y is transferred back to X. If m denotes the proportion of milk in X and n denotes the proportion of water in Y, then which one of the following is correct?
1. m = n
2. m > n
3. m < n
4. Cannot be determined due to insufficient data
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (a) m = n
After the first transfer, X has 80 ml milk and Y has 100 ml water + 20 ml milk. The 20 ml taken back from Y holds 20 x 100/120 = 50/3 ml water and 10/3 ml milk. Now X has 80 + 10/3 = 250/3 ml milk in 100 ml, so m = 5/6. Y has 100 - 50/3 = 250/3 ml water in 100 ml, so n = 5/6. Hence m = n. (In general, each container ends with 100 ml, so the milk that left X equals the water that left Y.)
A pie chart gives the expenditure on five different items A, B, C, D and E in a household. If B, C, D and E correspond to 90°, 50°, 45° and 75° respectively, then what is the percentage of expenditure on item A?
1. 112/9
2. 125/6
3. 155/9
4. 250/9
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (d) 250/9
The angles for B, C, D and E add up to 90 + 50 + 45 + 75 = 260 degrees, so A has 360 - 260 = 100 degrees. As a percentage: 100/360 x 100 = 250/9 % (about 27.8%).
To encourage research is one of the functions of a university. Contemporary universities have encouraged research, not only in those cases where research is necessary, but on all sorts of entirely unprofitable subjects as well. Scientific research is probably never completely valueless. However silly and insignificant it may seem, however mechanical and unintelligent the labours of the researchers, there is always a chance that the results may be of value to the investigator of talent, who can use the facts collected for him by uninspired but industrious researchers as the basis of some fruitful generalization. But where research is not original, but consists in the mere rearrangement of existing materials, where its object is not scientific but literary or historical, then there is a risk of the whole business becoming merely futile.
The author's assumption about scientific research is that
1. it is never very valuable
2. it is sometimes very valuable
3. it is never without some value
4. it is always very valuable
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (c) it is never without some value
The author says scientific research is 'probably never completely valueless': however silly or mechanical, there is always a chance that its results will help a talented investigator. So he assumes it is never without some value, option (c). He does not claim it is always very valuable (d) or never very valuable (a). Option (b) is not wrong in itself, but it is not the assumption the author builds on; his point is about the minimum value of any research, not occasional high value.
To encourage research is one of the functions of a university. Contemporary universities have encouraged research, not only in those cases where research is necessary, but on all sorts of entirely unprofitable subjects as well. Scientific research is probably never completely valueless. However silly and insignificant it may seem, however mechanical and unintelligent the labours of the researchers, there is always a chance that the results may be of value to the investigator of talent, who can use the facts collected for him by uninspired but industrious researchers as the basis of some fruitful generalization. But where research is not original, but consists in the mere rearrangement of existing materials, where its object is not scientific but literary or historical, then there is a risk of the whole business becoming merely futile.
According to the author
1. not many research results can be of value to an intelligent investigator
2. a research result is always valuable to an intelligent investigator
3. any research result can be of value to an intelligent investigator
4. a research result must always be of some value to an intelligent investigator
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (c) any research result can be of value to an intelligent investigator
The passage says that whatever the research, 'there is always a chance that the results may be of value to the investigator of talent'. That is a possibility for any result, which is option (c). Options (b) and (d) turn that chance into a certainty ('always', 'must'), which the author does not claim. Option (a) contradicts the author's generous view of research.
How best can the problems of floods and droughts be addressed so that the losses are minimal and the system becomes resilient? In this context, one important point that needs to be noted is that India gets 'too much' water (about 75% of annual precipitation) during 120 days (June to September) and 'too little' for the remaining 245 days. This skewed water availability has to be managed and regulated for its consumption throughout the year.
Which one of the following best reflects the practical, rational and lasting solution?
1. Constructing huge concrete storage tanks and canals across the country
2. Changing the cropping patterns and farming practices
3. Interlinking of rivers across the country
4. Buffer stocking of water through dams and recharging aquifers
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (d) Buffer stocking of water through dams and recharging aquifers
The problem is that water comes in excess during four monsoon months and is scarce in the other eight, so it must be stored when plentiful and used throughout the year. Holding back water in dams and recharging groundwater aquifers does exactly this, and also reduces flood peaks, so (d) is the practical and lasting answer. Huge concrete tanks across the country (a) are impractical, changing cropping patterns (b) does not regulate the water supply, and interlinking rivers (c) moves water between places rather than across seasons.
If 15 x 14 x 13 x ... x 3 x 2 x 1 = 3^m x n where m and n are positive integers, then what is the maximum value of m?
1. 7
2. 6
3. 5
4. 4
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (b) 6
m is largest when it equals the number of factors of 3 in 15!. Multiples of 3 up to 15: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 give one 3 each (5), and 9 gives one extra 3 (1). Total = 15/3 + 15/9 (whole parts) = 5 + 1 = 6.
What is the value of X in the sequence 2, 12, 36, 80, 150, X?
1. 248
2. 252
3. 258
4. 262
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (b) 252
The terms are n^3 + n^2 = n^2(n + 1): 1 + 1 = 2, 8 + 4 = 12, 27 + 9 = 36, 64 + 16 = 80, 125 + 25 = 150. Next: 216 + 36 = 252.
One non-zero digit, one vowel and one consonant from English alphabet (in capital) are to be used in forming passwords, such that each password has to start with a vowel and end with a consonant. How many such passwords can be generated?
1. 105
2. 525
3. 945
4. 1050
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (c) 945
Each password has three characters: a vowel first, a consonant last, so the digit is in the middle. Choices: 5 vowels x 9 non-zero digits x 21 consonants = 945.
There are 9 cups placed on a table arranged in equal number of rows and columns out of which 6 cups contain coffee and 3 cups contain tea. In how many ways can they be arranged so that each row should contain at least one cup of coffee?
1. 18
2. 27
3. 54
4. 81
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (d) 81
The cups form a 3 x 3 grid. Treating cups of the same drink as alike, an arrangement is fixed by choosing the 3 places for tea: C(9, 3) = 84 ways. A row has no coffee only if all 3 tea cups fill that row, which happens in 3 ways (one for each row). So the number of valid arrangements is 84 - 3 = 81.
The sum of three consecutive integers is equal to their product. How many such possibilities are there?
1. Only one
2. Only two
3. Only three
4. No such possibility is there
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (c) Only three
Let the integers be n - 1, n, n + 1. Sum = 3n and product = n(n^2 - 1). Setting them equal: n(n^2 - 1) = 3n, so n = 0 or n^2 = 4, i.e. n = 2 or n = -2. This gives three sets: (-1, 0, 1), (1, 2, 3) and (-3, -2, -1). Check: 1 + 2 + 3 = 6 = 1 x 2 x 3, and -3 - 2 - 1 = -6 = (-3)(-2)(-1). So there are three possibilities.
What is the number of numbers of the form 0.XY, where X and Y are distinct non-zero digits?
1. 72
2. 81
3. 90
4. 100
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (a) 72
X can be any of the 9 non-zero digits, and Y any of the remaining 8 non-zero digits. Number of such decimals = 9 x 8 = 72.
The average weight of A, B, C is 40 kg, the average weight of B, D, E is 42 kg and the weight of F is equal to that of B. What is the average weight of A, B, C, D, E and F?
1. 40.5 kg
2. 40.8 kg
3. 41 kg
4. Cannot be determined as data is inadequate
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (c) 41 kg
A + B + C = 3 x 40 = 120 and B + D + E = 3 x 42 = 126. Since F = B, the total A + B + C + D + E + F = (A + B + C) + (D + E) + F = 120 + (126 - B) + B = 246. Average = 246 / 6 = 41 kg.

UPSC Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination 2022, General Studies Paper II (CSAT)

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