CLASS 11–12 PHYSICS · LAWS OF MOTION

Newton's laws on a frictionless incline

On a smooth incline of angle θ: acceleration down the slope a = g sinθ, normal force N = mg cosθ. Speed after sliding a length L from rest: v = √(2gL sinθ).

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Worked examples

Example 1 · level 1

A block slides down a smooth (frictionless) incline of 53° (take sin 53° = 0.8, cos 53° = 0.6). Find its acceleration (in m/s², correct to 2 decimal places). Take g = 10 m/s².

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  1. a = g sinθ = 10 × 0.8 = 8 m/s².

Answer: 8

Example 2 · level 2

A 8 kg crate is held at rest on a smooth ramp inclined at 45° by a rope parallel to the ramp. Find the tension in the rope (in N, correct to 2 decimal places). Take g = 10 m/s².

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  1. T = 80 × sin 45° = 56.57 N.

Answer: 56.57 N

Example 3 · level 3

A child slides from rest down a smooth slide 5 m long inclined at 60°. Find the speed at the bottom (in m/s, correct to 2 decimal places). Take g = 10 m/s².

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  1. a = 10 sin 60° = 8.66 m/s².
  2. v = √(2 × 8.66 × 5) = 9.31 m/s.
  3. (Same as √(2gh) with h = L sinθ = 4.33 m.)

Answer: 9.31

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