Maharashtra Gazetted Civil Services Combined Preliminary Examination 2023, Paper 2 (CSAT)

All questions with answersउत्तरों के साथ सभी प्रश्न

51. Nanu wants to create a rectangular pond in his field. He has not yet decided on the exact dimensions, but its length will be twice its width and will be between 2 metres and 6 metres inclusive. There will also be a strip of concrete of width 0.5 metres around the edges of the pond, as illustrated in below diagram which is not to the scale. [Figure: a tall rectangle (the pond) drawn inside a slightly larger rectangle (the concrete strip).] Select the graph that best represents relation between the surface area of the pond and the area of the concrete edge vary with the length of the pond. [Figure: four graphs of Area (m^2) against Length (m), each with two lines starting at length 2 and running to about 6, labelled po (pond) and co (concrete). In every graph co starts above po and po crosses co and ends higher. (1) Both po and co are straight lines; po is steeper and crosses co a little after length 2. (2) po is an upward-bending curve and co a gently bending curve; they cross near length 3. (3) po is a straight line and co a curve bending upward; they cross between 2 and 4. (4) po is an upward-bending curve and co a straight line; they cross near length 3.]

    This question has a figure in the official paper; it is described in words above.इस प्रश्न में आधिकारिक पेपर में एक चित्र है; ऊपर उसे शब्दों में बताया गया है। See the official paperआधिकारिक पेपर देखिए

    1. Graph (1)
    2. Graph (2)
    3. Graph (3)
    4. Graph (4)
    Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या

    Answer:उत्तर: (1) Graph (1)

    Let the length be L, so the width is L/2. Pond area = L x L/2 = L^2/2, which grows as a curve (quadratic). With a 0.5 m strip all round, the outer rectangle is (L + 1) by (L/2 + 1), so the concrete area = (L + 1)(L/2 + 1) - L^2/2 = 1.5L + 1, which is a straight line. At L = 2: pond 2 m^2, concrete 4 m^2; at L = 6: pond 18 m^2, concrete 10 m^2; they are equal when L^2 - 3L - 2 = 0, i.e. L is about 3.6. So the concrete starts above the pond and the pond overtakes it between 3 and 4. So the correct graph has the concrete line above the pond at L = 2 with the pond line rising faster and crossing it a little after the middle of the range. Matching these features to the small printed sketches is not clear-cut (by the working above the concrete line should be straight and the pond line curved); the official MPSC key gives option (1).

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52. My local park has a network of paths linking various locations, as shown in the below image. The stars on the map represent five of the park's landmarks : the fountain, lake, music gallery, sculpture and play centre. I often vary my routes and I do not always take the shortest route from one place to another while walking around the garden. I have noticed that when I go from the sculpture to the fountain, I always pass the music gallery, but that going from the lake to the play centre, I never pass the fountain unless I pass the music gallery twice. [Figure: a path map shaped like two loops joined at a single central junction. The junction carries a star. The left loop has three more stars (top left, top and far left); the right loop has one star (at the bottom). Other junctions are plain dots.] Select the number of stars on the diagram that can be identified from the given information.

    This question has a figure in the official paper; it is described in words above.इस प्रश्न में आधिकारिक पेपर में एक चित्र है; ऊपर उसे शब्दों में बताया गया है। See the official paperआधिकारिक पेपर देखिए

    1. 0
    2. 2
    3. 3
    4. 5
    Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या

    Answer:उत्तर: (2) 2

    The only point you must always pass between the two loops is the central junction star. Since every route from the sculpture to the fountain passes the music gallery, the sculpture and the fountain are on opposite loops and the music gallery is the central star. Going from the lake to the play centre you reach the fountain only by passing the music gallery twice (out and back), so the lake and the play centre are on the same loop and the fountain is on the other. The left loop has three stars and the right loop only one, so the lake, play centre and sculpture are the three left stars and the fountain is the single right star. Thus the music gallery and the fountain can be identified, but the three left stars cannot be told apart: 2 stars, option (2).

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53. Select the logical number for empty box in the following arrangement. 24 | 29 | 26 27 | 22 | 31 30 | ? | 28

    1. 31
    2. 39
    3. 29
    4. 33
    Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या

    Answer:उत्तर: (4) 33

    Leave out the centre (22). The four corner boxes hold the consecutive even numbers 24, 26, 28, 30, and the edge-middle boxes hold consecutive odd numbers 27, 29, 31 and the missing one, which must be 33. Going round clockwise from the top left the numbers also alternate +5, -3: 24, 29, 26, 31, 28, 33, 30. So the empty box is 33, option (4).

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54. Every element of B is an element of A. Some elements of C are elements of A. Every element of D is an element of C but no element of D is an element of A. Which of the following statements are impossible ?

    1. Some element of C is in B
    2. Every element of B is in C
    3. Every element of A is either in B or in C
    4. Every element of C is in A
    Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या

    Answer:उत्तर: (4) Every element of C is in A

    D lies inside C and no element of D is in A, so C has elements (those of D) outside A. Hence 'every element of C is in A' can never be true. The others are possible: C overlaps A and B lies inside A, so C may overlap B (1) or even contain all of B (2), and A could be made up only of elements of B and C (3). The impossible statement is option (4).

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55. Ticket prices : | | 1 day | 2 day | | Adult | Rs. 12 | Rs. 20 | | Child | Rs. 9 | Rs. 15 | | Concession* | Rs. 7 | Rs. 14 | *Under 12 or over 55 Das family members : husband, wife, two children : ages 7 and 13, and mother of wife who is in her sixties, are going to the science park programme this weekend. The parents will attend both days with the elder child but Mrs. Das's mother and the younger child will spend one day visiting relatives. Ticket prices are listed in below table. Select the amount spent by the Das family if they buy the cheapest tickets.

    1. 63
    2. 69
    3. 71
    4. 74
    Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या

    Answer:उत्तर: (2) 69

    Both parents, 2 days as adults: 2 x 20 = 40. Elder child (13, not under 12), 2 days at the child rate: 15. Grandmother (in her sixties, over 55), 1 day concession: 7. Younger child (7, under 12), 1 day: the concession ticket (7) is cheaper than the child ticket (9), so 7. Total = 40 + 15 + 7 + 7 = Rs. 69, option (2).

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56. In a certain code language, 'hope to see you' is coded as 're so na di', 'please come to see the party' is coded as 'fi ge na di ke zo', 'hope to come' is coded as 'di so ge' and 'see you the party' is coded as 're fi zo na'. Study the coding system used and select the appropriate code for 'please see you'.

    1. ke te gm
    2. ba od ke
    3. te ba ke
    4. su te ba
    Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या

    MPSC dropped this question from evaluation.MPSC ने इस प्रश्न को मूल्यांकन से हटा दिया।

    MPSC cancelled this question in the final answer key, so no option is keyed. Working the code through (see = na, you = re, please = ke) gives 'ke na re', which does not match any of the four printed options.

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57. Study the below triangular card. It is folded along lines and joined to make a pyramid. Given below are top views of this pyramid. Alphabets B, G, R and Y represent colours blue, green, red and yellow respectively. Select the odd top view/s of this pyramid from given options. [Figure: a large triangle divided into four smaller triangles: R in the centre (inverted) triangle, G in the top corner triangle, B in the bottom-left and Y in the bottom-right. Below it, five top views of the pyramid, each a triangle split into three faces meeting at the centre, read as top-left, top-right, bottom: a = R, G, Y; b = B, R, Y; c = R, B, G; d = Y, G, B; e = Y, R, B.]

    This question has a figure in the official paper; it is described in words above.इस प्रश्न में आधिकारिक पेपर में एक चित्र है; ऊपर उसे शब्दों में बताया गया है। See the official paperआधिकारिक पेपर देखिए

    1. Only a
    2. Either b or c
    3. Either d or e
    4. Only e
    Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या

    Answer:उत्तर: (4) Only e

    Folding the three corner triangles up around R gives a tetrahedron. Seen from above, the three faces you see always appear in a fixed turning order. With R at the bottom you see G, B, Y going clockwise (view d: Y, G, B). Standing it on each other face in turn: on B you see G, Y, R clockwise (view a: R, G, Y); on Y you see G, R, B clockwise (view c: R, B, G); on G you see B, R, Y clockwise (view b: B, R, Y). View e shows Y, R, B, i.e. B, Y, R clockwise: the same three colours as b but in mirror order, which this pyramid cannot show. So only e is odd, option (4).

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58. Mo, To and Vo who belong to three different communities, participated in a dancing competition and one of them won the trophy. They belong to communities namely Koki, Poki and Toki. All members of Koki community always make true statements, all members of Poki community always make untrue statements and all members of Toki community always make true and untrue statements alternatively. They made following statements when reporter asked them to comment. Mo : If Vo had not disturbed me by laughing loudly while dancing I would have won the trophy. Vo always speaks the truth. Vo is the winner. Vo : I was not laughing to disturb Mo. To won the trophy. To : Mo won the trophy. Vo is not the member of Poki community. Select the option that indicates the person who won the trophy.

    1. Mo
    2. Vo
    3. To
    4. To and Mo have jointly won the trophy
    Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या

    Answer:उत्तर: (3) To

    Only one person won, so option (4) is out. Check each possible winner. If Vo won, Mo's 'Vo is the winner' is true while Vo's 'To won' and To's 'Mo won' are false, so Mo must be the Koki; but then Mo's 'Vo always speaks the truth' would be true, which is impossible as Vo has made a false statement. If To won, To's 'Mo won' is false, so To is Poki or Toki; as Poki his 'Vo is not Poki' would be false, making Vo Poki too, which is impossible, so To is Toki and Vo is not Poki, leaving Vo Koki and Mo Poki; but then Poki Mo's 'Vo always speaks the truth' would be true, a contradiction. If Mo won, everything fits: To (Koki) says two true things, Vo (Toki) says a true thing and then the false 'To won', and Mo (Poki) says only false things. So by the stated rules the winner is Mo, option (1); the official MPSC key, however, gives option (3), To.

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59. A group of traders in a certain country has decided to take their whole taluka 'offshore' in protest at the insignificant amounts of income tax paid by big businesses. An association of shopkeepers from the town want to use the same controversial loopholes favoured by huge multinationals so that they too can legally avoid this tax. One giant multinational, for example, has been branded immoral for transferring profits out of the country and into the other countries, where they receive favourable tax deals. But the shopkeepers of the town cannot have it both ways. If they believe it is immoral for these multinationals to avoid country tax, it is immoral for them, too. They should continue to pay country tax in full. Select one of the following, that if true, most weakens the above argument.

    1. Small businesses acting alone cannot obtain the same tax breaks as the giant corporations
    2. The only purpose of the protest is to pressure the government into tackling tax avoidance by big business
    3. Every time the government comes up with a way of tackling tax avoidance, lawyers simply find a new loophole
    4. One of the town traders found that last year he paid seven times more corporation tax than one multinational company
    Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या

    Answer:उत्तर: (2) The only purpose of the protest is to pressure the government into tackling tax avoidance by big business

    The argument assumes the shopkeepers want to avoid tax for their own gain, just like the multinationals, and so are being inconsistent. If the only purpose of their move is to pressure the government into tackling tax avoidance by big business, their action is a protest, not self-interested avoidance, and the charge of hypocrisy loses its force. That most weakens the argument: option (2). (1) and (3) do not touch the moral consistency point, and (4) only shows the unfairness that prompted the protest.

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60. Identify two facts that prove conclusion : 'Ten students failed the exam' to be always true. Facts : a. 40 students passed the exam. b. 10 students did not complete the exam and so neither passed nor failed. c. Number of students who failed outnumbered those who did not complete exam by 5 : 1. d. Number of students who passed outnumbered those who failed by 4 : 1.

    1. a, b
    2. b, c
    3. a, d
    4. b, d
    Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या

    Answer:उत्तर: (3) a, d

    From a, 40 passed; from d, passed : failed = 4 : 1, so failed = 40 / 4 = 10. Together a and d prove that exactly ten failed. b and c give failed = 5 x 10 = 50, and a with b or b with d alone do not fix the number of failures. Answer: option (3).

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61. Study the logic used for constructing image X. Identify option which cannot be constructed along with dots using similar logic. [Figure: Image X is a square, a circle and a right-angled triangle overlapping. One dot lies in the part common to the circle and the square only (outside the triangle); a second dot lies in the part common to the circle and the triangle only (just below the square). Options (1) to (4) each show a square, a circle and a right-angled triangle overlapping in different positions, without dots. (1) A circle overlapping a square, with a triangle whose right angle is at the bottom right, its bottom edge near the bottom of the square and its tip above the square. (2) A circle inside a square, with a triangle at the top right whose corner region overlaps the circle and square, its lower part sticking out to the right below which the circle bulges. (3) A tall triangle along the left side (vertical left edge, hypotenuse from the top left to the bottom right) sitting almost inside a square, with a circle inside the square bulging slightly out on the right. (4) A circle on the left overlapping a square on the right, with a triangle whose hypotenuse runs from the bottom left to the top right inside the square.]

    This question has a figure in the official paper; it is described in words above.इस प्रश्न में आधिकारिक पेपर में एक चित्र है; ऊपर उसे शब्दों में बताया गया है। See the official paperआधिकारिक पेपर देखिए

    1. Figure (1)
    2. Figure (2)
    3. Figure (3)
    4. Figure (4)
    Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या

    Answer:उत्तर: (3) Figure (3)

    In X the two dots mark (i) a region inside the circle and the square but outside the triangle, and (ii) a region inside the circle and the triangle but outside the square. A figure can be drawn 'with dots using similar logic' only if both kinds of region exist. In (1), (2) and (4) the triangle sticks out of the square somewhere inside the circle, so both regions exist. In (3) the triangle lies almost entirely within the square; the only part of it outside the square is a thin strip on the far left that the circle does not reach, so there is no region in the circle and triangle but outside the square. So (3) cannot be constructed, option (3).

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62. Upanishads carry a weighty fable. Virochana, ruler of the Asuras and Indra, Lord of the Suras, both once went to Brahma and asked him about God. They were told to look in the mirror. Looking at his reflection Virochana instantly concluded that he is God; Indra while looking at his reflection and spending longer time in contemplation, realised that God was all. Some persons measure development by the amount and material things that they can consume; some persons measure their worth by all that they can uplift and divinise. The difference is nothing less than that between an egocentric existence, engulfed in its own gains, unhesitant to exploit, and an expansive one that is creative in the highest sense of the world. Select the most appropriate option that indicates central idea of the story.

    1. If Virochana had thought carefully while looking at the self-image, he would have realized the truth.
    2. To see one's own reflection is to discover one's own characteristics.
    3. Persons who are egotistical, selfish and involved in exploiting others for that purpose live as 'Asuras', while those who deal with all others with open mind using their own creativity and assist them in their own upliftment and deification live as 'Suras'.
    4. Some people measure their own development by the amount and material facilities that they consume, while others measure their worth by uplifting others by providing abundant facilities and divine pleasures.
    Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या

    Answer:उत्तर: (3) Persons who are egotistical, selfish and involved in exploiting others for that purpose live as 'Asuras', while those who deal with all others with open mind using their own creativity and assist them in their own upliftment and deification live as 'Suras'.

    The fable contrasts Virochana (Asura), who saw only himself as God, with Indra (Sura), who saw God in all, and the passage ends by naming the real difference: an egocentric, exploitative existence versus an expansive, creative one that uplifts others. Option (3) captures this whole contrast and links it to the Asura/Sura figures. (1) and (2) dwell on one detail of the mirror episode, and (4) restates one sentence but adds 'abundant facilities and divine pleasures', which misreads 'uplift and divinise'. Answer: option (3).

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63. When Anna, Bina, Ciona and Diana stand by height in a row, Ciona being the shortest stands first while Bina comes to the third position. However, when they stand by age, Anna being younger stands first while Bina occupies extreme rear position. In both rows Diana remains at the second position. Select the person who is immediate younger than Bina.

    1. Diana
    2. Ciona
    3. Bina
    4. Anna
    Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या

    Answer:उत्तर: (2) Ciona

    Age row (youngest first): Anna is 1st, Diana 2nd, Bina last (4th), so Ciona takes the remaining 3rd place: Anna, Diana, Ciona, Bina. Bina is the oldest and the person just younger than her is Ciona, option (2). The height row is not needed.

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64. A question paper consist of 20 questions. There are 2 options for each question. Select the number of ways it is possible for a student to attempt one or more questions of the all given questions.

    1. 3^20 - 1
    2. 3^20
    3. 3^18
    4. 3^17
    Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या

    Answer:उत्तर: (1) 3^20 - 1

    Each question can be handled in 3 ways: leave it, choose option 1, or choose option 2. For 20 questions that gives 3^20 ways. Leaving all 20 unattempted is one of these and must be excluded since at least one question is attempted: 3^20 - 1, option (1).

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65. When I left for work, the watch was showing a time 8 hrs and 27 minutes exactly. The position of the hour hand and minute hand of this watch is exactly interchanged when I was back home. Select the option that is closest to new time displayed.

    1. Exactly 33 minutes to six
    2. 17.75 minutes to six
    3. 27 minutes to six
    4. 27 minutes past six
    Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या

    Answer:उत्तर: (2) 17.75 minutes to six

    At 8:27 the minute hand is at 27 x 6 = 162 degrees and the hour hand at 8 x 30 + 27 x 0.5 = 253.5 degrees (from 12). After the swap the hour hand is at 162 degrees, i.e. between 5 and 6, and the minute hand at 253.5 degrees, which reads 253.5 / 6 = 42.25 minutes. So the watch shows about 5:42.25, i.e. 60 - 42.25 = 17.75 minutes to six, option (2).

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66. A Director of educational institution claims : 'instead of celebrating one day as Republic Day, we constantly practice the ideals that made India a sovereign republic by guarantying the pledge of justice, liberty, equality and fraternity'. Choose two facts that support the claim. Facts : a. It is compulsory for all students, faculty and staff of the institution to watch televised display of military might of the country. b. We conduct regular workshops for all students, faculty and staff with the help of peace experts to deal with the hatred in a non-violent and peaceful way. c. We strictly implement the rules of dress, food, language and behavior towards others, which are formulated by our organization to inculcate spirit of equality among all. d. We have integrated activities that nurture the value 'empathy' into regular learning activities to enable everyone in the organization to respect the diverse lifestyles of others.

    1. a, b
    2. b, c
    3. c, d
    4. b, d
    Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या

    Answer:उत्तर: (4) b, d

    The claim is about practising justice, liberty, equality and fraternity every day. Regular workshops on dealing with hatred peacefully (b) build fraternity, and everyday empathy activities that teach respect for others' diverse lifestyles (d) reflect liberty, equality and fraternity. (a) is a one-off display of military might, not these ideals, and (c) imposes uniform rules of dress, food and language, which curbs liberty and diversity rather than practising the constitutional ideals. So b and d, option (4).

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67. Study transparent sheet 'A' and select its fold from given options. [Figure: a transparent hexagonal sheet divided into six triangles meeting at the centre. Going round: top-middle triangle carries the letter A (no mark); top-right has a short arrow pointing down; bottom-right has a small hook (bent mark); bottom-middle has a dot; bottom-left has a small square; top-left has a dot. Options (1) to (4) are single triangles showing all five marks stacked after folding, differing in where the marks fall and which way the arrow and the hook face: (1) square at the top, hook, a dot, arrow pointing down, a dot; (2) dot at the top, hook, square, arrow pointing up, dot; (3) dot at the top, hook turned the other way, square, arrow pointing down, dot; (4) dot at the top, hook turned the other way, square, arrow pointing up, dot.]

    This question has a figure in the official paper; it is described in words above.इस प्रश्न में आधिकारिक पेपर में एक चित्र है; ऊपर उसे शब्दों में बताया गया है। See the official paperआधिकारिक पेपर देखिए

    1. Figure (1)
    2. Figure (2)
    3. Figure (3)
    4. Figure (4)
    Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या

    Answer:उत्तर: (2) Figure (2)

    When the transparent hexagon is folded triangle by triangle onto the triangle A, every mark lands in the same final triangle, and each fold across a line reflects the marks of the triangle being turned over. A triangle that is turned over an odd number of times shows its mark as a mirror image; one turned over an even number of times shows it only rotated. The arrow's triangle (next to A) is turned over once, so the arrow appears reflected and points upward, which rules out (1) and (3). The hook's triangle is turned over twice, so the hook keeps its own handedness, which rules out (4). The official MPSC key gives option (2).

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68. In a housing colony, there are seven towers a, b, c, d, e, f and g. 'a' and 'f' are to the south of 'd' and 'g' and 'f' is to the east of 'a'. Tower 'e' is to the north of 'c' that is situated near the south end boundary of the colony and to the west of 'b'. There are only two towers 'g' and 'f', to the east of 'c'. Select the statement that is always true with respect to given information.

    1. Towers 'a' and 'f' are situated to the south of tower 'e'.
    2. Tower 'e' must be to the west of tower 'a'.
    3. Tower 'a' must be to the west of tower 'c'.
    4. Tower 'f' must be to the far east of the colony.
    Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या

    Answer:उत्तर: (3) Tower 'a' must be to the west of tower 'c'.

    Only g and f are east of c, so every other tower (a, b, d, e) is not east of c; in particular a lies to the west of c. So statement (3) is always true, option (3). The data say nothing about how a and f compare with e from north to south (1), whether e is west of a (2), or whether f is east of g (4).

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69. While playing 11th match, a batsman is out for 26 runs, which raises his batting average for the season from 15 to 16. Select the number of runs that he should have scored in this inning to raise his average to 20 in this season.

    1. 176
    2. 200
    3. 220
    4. 70
    Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या

    Answer:उत्तर: (4) 70

    Let the first 10 innings total T with average 15, so T = 150; check: (150 + 26) / 11 = 176 / 11 = 16. For an average of 20 after 11 innings he needs 11 x 20 = 220 runs in all, so in the 11th innings he needed 220 - 150 = 70 runs, option (4).

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70. Ayesha beat Daya by 50 meters or 10 seconds in a kilometer race. Select the option that indicates time taken by Ayesha to complete the race.

    1. 180 seconds
    2. 190 seconds
    3. 200 seconds
    4. 210 seconds
    Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या

    Answer:उत्तर: (2) 190 seconds

    Daya covers the last 50 m in 10 seconds, so her speed is 5 m/s and she needs 1000 / 5 = 200 seconds for the race. Ayesha finishes 10 seconds earlier: 200 - 10 = 190 seconds, option (2).

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71. Select the appropriate image for replacing the question mark in given relationship. [Figure: four boxes separated by vertical lines. Box 1: a circle with a white outer ring, a hatched middle ring and a solid black centre. Box 2: the same circle with a white outer ring and a hatched centre (no black centre). Box 3: '?'. Box 4: a square with a dark dotted (shaded) outer band, a hatched band and a white inner square. Options: (1) a square with a white outer band, a dotted band and a small white inner square; (2) a square with a white outer band, a dotted band and a small white inner square with a bold outline; (3) a square with a white outer band and a plain white inner square; (4) a square with a white outer band and a hatched inner square.]

    This question has a figure in the official paper; it is described in words above.इस प्रश्न में आधिकारिक पेपर में एक चित्र है; ऊपर उसे शब्दों में बताया गया है। See the official paperआधिकारिक पेपर देखिए

    1. Figure (1)
    2. Figure (2)
    3. Figure (3)
    4. Figure (4)
    Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या

    Answer:उत्तर: (4) Figure (4)

    In the first pair the circle loses its innermost (black) part, leaving a white outer ring around a hatched centre. The second pair is the same kind of figure drawn with squares, and the figure that matches the second circle is a square with a white outer band and a hatched centre. Options (1) and (2) still contain an inner square and dotted shading, and (3) has no hatching. The official MPSC key gives option (4).

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72. A referendum was held in the village Nimboli, to determine whether it should have a library or not. All adult members could vote; all of them either voted in favour of having library or voted against it, or did not vote at all. According to the local newspapers : '80% of those who voted, voted in favour of having a library' and '80% of the adult members of the village did not vote for having library in village'. Select percentage of the adult members of the village voted against having a library.

    1. Exactly 20%
    2. Exactly 5%
    3. More than 20%
    4. Exactly 25%
    Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या

    Answer:उत्तर: (2) Exactly 5%

    If 80% of adults did not vote in favour, then 20% of all adults voted in favour. These are 80% of those who voted, so the voters were 20% / 0.8 = 25% of the adults. Those who voted against are the remaining 20% of voters: 0.2 x 25% = 5% of the adults. Exactly 5%, option (2).

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73. Rala (Italian Millet), Sava (Little Millet), Harik (Vargu), Varai (Barnyard Millet) are rich in amino acids, fatty acids and other vitamins. They contain minerals that are iron, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium. These food components assist in the functioning of hormones in the body. The amount of glucose and insulin produced in the body is controlled by them. Since their digestion is slow, they stay in the stomach for a long time, so you get the satisfaction of being full by eating less. They are high in lecithin which strengthens the nervous system. Its phytochemicals reduce the risk of cancer. Blood cholesterol is reduced. Whole grains provide 12.5% more protein than wheat. Sava is used in liver disorders. Since millets are gluten-free, they can be consumed by people with gluten intolerance. In short, whole grains are useful for body health due to various characteristics. Choose the one most reasonable fact that would weaken the above argument if true.

    1. South Indians whose food mainly consists of rice, nachani, kuttu chana, tur, udad do not suffer from digestive problems.
    2. If wheat is completely excluded from food, the person does not get B-vitamins, zinc, bran, which are important elements along with gluten, and as a result, the beneficial bacteria in the intestines are depleted and the immunity of the intestine increases unbridled and rarely invites cancer.
    3. People with congenital celiac sprue cannot digest gluten in their small intestine, so they have to eat foods where gluten is not detectable.
    4. Eating wheat is not inevitable as pulses, oil, milk, meat, fish, eggs, vegetables, fruits etc. are consumed along with jowar, bajri, rajgira, nachani, kuttu grains.
    Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या

    Answer:उत्तर: (2) If wheat is completely excluded from food, the person does not get B-vitamins, zinc, bran, which are important elements along with gluten, and as a result, the beneficial bacteria in the intestines are depleted and the immunity of the intestine increases unbridled and rarely invites cancer.

    The argument praises millets over wheat, ending with their gluten-free nature, and concludes that these whole grains are good for health. Option (2) says that dropping wheat (and its gluten) entirely costs a person B-vitamins, zinc and bran and harms gut bacteria and immunity, even inviting cancer, which undercuts the claimed health benefit of replacing wheat with gluten-free millets. So (2) weakens the argument, option (2). (1), (3) and (4) are consistent with, or support, the argument.

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74. There are security experts, as well as ex-fraudsters, who are experts in artificial intelligence (AI). All people who are experts in AI are invited to join the team of security designers (SD) by one organization. Select one of the following that can be logically inferred based on the statements above.

    1. All who are encouraged to join the SD team are security experts or ex-fraudsters.
    2. Some who are encouraged to join the SD team are not security experts or ex-fraudsters.
    3. Some ex-fraudsters are encouraged to join the SD team.
    4. Some ex-fraudsters are not encouraged to join SD team.
    Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या

    Answer:उत्तर: (3) Some ex-fraudsters are encouraged to join the SD team.

    Some ex-fraudsters are AI experts, and every AI expert is invited to join the SD team, so those ex-fraudsters are invited: 'some ex-fraudsters are encouraged to join the SD team' follows, option (3). Nothing is said about AI experts who are neither security experts nor ex-fraudsters, so (1) and (2) cannot be inferred, and we do not know whether any ex-fraudster is left out (4).

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75. Mina, Jiva and Faru share out a certain sum of money between them. Mina receives 5/8, Jiva receives 0.25 and Faru receives Rs. 75. Select options that indicates the original amount.

    1. 700
    2. 600
    3. 550
    4. 450
    Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या

    Answer:उत्तर: (2) 600

    Mina and Jiva together get 5/8 + 1/4 = 5/8 + 2/8 = 7/8 of the sum, so Faru's Rs. 75 is the remaining 1/8. The sum is 75 x 8 = Rs. 600, option (2).

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76. You are working as a head in the department that allots government quarters to the employees as per the norms set up by the authorities. A group of persons approaches to your reporting senior with the request that a particular person should not be allotted quarter in their building, because the concerned person is from the reserved category. Your senior suggests indirectly to accept their request but at the same time also warns that you will be solely responsible for the consequence of the concerned decision. Your promotion is due in next few months. Which one of the following course of actions is your choice in this situation ?

    1. Since your promotion is due in next few months. You are left with no other choice but to accept suggestion given by your senior officer.
    2. Allot the quarter to the concerned employee as per rules and alert the person about the situation in which you have taken the decision about allotment.
    3. Narrate this situation to concerned employee and request her to wait till you get promotion.
    4. Not take any action and keep on requesting the person that she has to wait for some more time.
    Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या

    Answer:उत्तर: (2) Allot the quarter to the concerned employee as per rules and alert the person about the situation in which you have taken the decision about allotment. Graded question, no negative marking. Marks for each option: (1) 1, (2) 2.5, (3) 1.5, (4) 0.श्रेणीबद्ध प्रश्न, कोई नेगेटिव मार्किंग नहीं। हर विकल्प के अंक: (1) 1, (2) 2.5, (3) 1.5, (4) 0।

    Option (2) is best: allotment must follow the rules, and denying a quarter because of the employee's reserved category would be illegal discrimination for which you alone would answer. Allotting as per rules and alerting the employee to the hostility she may face upholds the law and protects her. (3) at least tells her the truth but still delays her lawful right for your own career; (1) gives in to discrimination to protect your promotion; (4) is indefinite, evasive delay with no reason given and earns nothing. Marks: (1) 1, (2) 2.5, (3) 1.5, (4) 0.

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77. As the education officer you are a member of the committee constituted for interviewing teachers shortlisted for awards from the district. You are analyzing their documents related to teaching learning processes and its impact on learners' personal and social development. As you are going through these documents you are designing probing questions related to their work. You came across a heavy file of technology savvy person but you did not find single documentation of teaching learning process and its impact on the concerned group of learners. For example, this teacher has written about how he delivered e-self-learning material for learning poem Daffodils. You will ask him...

    1. With what purpose did you design e-self-learning material and how did you test outcome of this learning ?
    2. You must have learned many poems during your school and college education. What purpose did this poem learning served in your personal and professional life ?
    3. Apart from reading and listening what other activities or experiences did you design to make learners their 'learning visible' ?
    4. What activities did you design to examine 'impact of learning' this poem on learners ?
    Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या

    Answer:उत्तर: (2) You must have learned many poems during your school and college education. What purpose did this poem learning served in your personal and professional life ? Graded question, no negative marking. Marks for each option: (1) 1, (2) 2.5, (3) 1.5, (4) 0.श्रेणीबद्ध प्रश्न, कोई नेगेटिव मार्किंग नहीं। हर विकल्प के अंक: (1) 1, (2) 2.5, (3) 1.5, (4) 0।

    Option (2) is best: the file shows only technology and nothing on how learning shaped learners' personal and social development. Asking the teacher what learning poems did for his own personal and professional life probes whether he understands that purpose of poetry teaching at all, which is exactly what the committee must judge and what his file leaves out. (3) usefully asks about activities beyond reading and listening that make learning visible; (1) stays with the design and testing of the e-material, the part already documented; (4) asks about impact activities the file shows he never designed, so it reveals little. Marks: (1) 1, (2) 2.5, (3) 1.5, (4) 0.

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78. You are working for setting up a new business venture that requires a license from State government regulatory department. You have submitted the application for this purpose after fulfilling all the procedural formalities and the required documents. Months have passed after submitting the application but you are yet to get license. This delay is causing loss of business opportunity than the amount demanded by a chain of persons working in the department for granting the license. Which way would you choose for sorting out this problem from following options ?

    1. Patiently try to convince any senior officer in the department for granting the license as early as possible hoping that he might not expect illegal gratification.
    2. For starting the business without wasting the time you will pay the demanded amount as business investment.
    3. Use your contacts with any political worker to get the issue of license settled without paying bribe.
    4. Contact some RTI activist to get information about the time frame in which such license are required to be issued.
    Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या

    Answer:उत्तर: (4) Contact some RTI activist to get information about the time frame in which such license are required to be issued. Graded question, no negative marking. Marks for each option: (1) 1.5, (2) 0, (3) 1, (4) 2.5.श्रेणीबद्ध प्रश्न, कोई नेगेटिव मार्किंग नहीं। हर विकल्प के अंक: (1) 1.5, (2) 0, (3) 1, (4) 2.5।

    Option (4) is best: using the Right to Information route to find the legally fixed time frame for issuing such licences gives you a lawful, documented basis to demand action and exposes the illegal delay, without paying a bribe. (1) is honest and lawful but passive and relies on hope; (3) avoids a bribe but uses political influence instead of proper channels; (2) pays a bribe, which is illegal and feeds corruption, so it earns nothing. Marks: (1) 1.5, (2) 0, (3) 1, (4) 2.5.

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79. Your colleague who was heading a project is suffering from some ailment and cannot continue with it at least for next two months. The administrative head of the department requested you to head this project in addition to your present work. Since you are expected to complete your assignment and this project within stipulated time, it will demand you to invest more time and energy. What will be your response to this from the options given below ?

    1. Since your present assignment is keeping you completely occupied, it is not possible for you to accept this additional work.
    2. Suggest the name of another colleague stating that she is more competent for this work and her present workload is not heavy as yours.
    3. Accept the additional work without any argument as timely completion of the project is necessary.
    4. You will accept the additional responsibility only if some manpower is provided at least for some routine work.
    Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या

    Answer:उत्तर: (3) Accept the additional work without any argument as timely completion of the project is necessary. Graded question, no negative marking. Marks for each option: (1) 1, (2) 0, (3) 2.5, (4) 1.5.श्रेणीबद्ध प्रश्न, कोई नेगेटिव मार्किंग नहीं। हर विकल्प के अंक: (1) 1, (2) 0, (3) 2.5, (4) 1.5।

    Option (3) is best: the colleague is ill, the project must be finished on time, and the head of department has asked you; accepting the extra responsibility willingly shows commitment to the organisation's work. (4) accepts but makes it conditional on extra staff; (1) refuses outright, leaving the project stranded; (2) shifts the burden onto another colleague by comparing workloads, which is the least appropriate response. Marks: (1) 1, (2) 0, (3) 2.5, (4) 1.5.

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80. You are a freelancing journalist. Recently you read a novel based on documented sufferings and exodus of people of minority tribe from certain region that happened more than two decades ago. You are from this minority tribe. You are very well acquainted with the realities of the exodus and the hardship faced by people of both the tribes. In your opinion the author has used her writing skills to emphasize how cruel were the victimizers towards your tribe. Thus novel has succeeded in getting sufferings of your tribe acknowledged by people from larger society. But you know that this is only the half-truth and it is agonizing you. You will write articles to be published in different media to present.

    1. the position of the victims as sharply distinct from and as opposed to those of their victimizers using selected authentic documents and gain empathy from society at large with propagation stance.
    2. fact that though minority tribe got displaced, all misplaced, majority tribe members were not perpetrators and both tribes were misguided by their narrow minded leaders by using evidences of selected documents.
    3. fact that victimizers were also victims of daily hardship, tragedy, and hopelessness along with the loss of rights and respect by using selected documents.
    4. the reality by documenting how members of these two tribes are defining themselves in relation to their respective narratives of victimhood after long period of more than two decades for avoiding insurgence of hatred.
    Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या

    Answer:उत्तर: (4) the reality by documenting how members of these two tribes are defining themselves in relation to their respective narratives of victimhood after long period of more than two decades for avoiding insurgence of hatred. Graded question, no negative marking. Marks for each option: (1) 0, (2) 1.5, (3) 1, (4) 2.5.श्रेणीबद्ध प्रश्न, कोई नेगेटिव मार्किंग नहीं। हर विकल्प के अंक: (1) 0, (2) 1.5, (3) 1, (4) 2.5।

    Option (4) is best: as a journalist who knows the novel tells only half the truth, the responsible course is to document the present reality of how both tribes see their own suffering, giving a balanced picture aimed at preventing renewed hatred. (2) corrects the one-sided blame but relies on selected documents and a single explanation (misguided leaders); (3) shows the other side's hardship but again through selected documents, swinging to the other half of the story; (1) deepens the victim-versus-victimizer divide for propaganda, which is the opposite of what is needed. Marks: (1) 0, (2) 1.5, (3) 1, (4) 2.5.

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