ABHYAS · CA STUDENTS
CA Foundation: Quantitative Aptitude सीए फाउंडेशन: मात्रात्मक योग्यता
Unlimited CA Foundation Paper 3 practice: maths of finance, statistics and logical reasoning, with hints, worked steps and mistake checks. Original questions generated by code.
Ratio and proportion, indices, logarithms
- Ratio and proportion: divide an amount in a ratioShare of a part = total × (its ratio term ÷ sum of ratio terms). To chain A:B and B:C, make the B terms equal.
- Indices: fractional and negative powersa^(m/n) = (ⁿ√a)^m and a^(−m) = 1 ÷ a^m. Take the root first, then the power.
- Logarithms: evaluate log valueslog_b(x) = y means b^y = x. log a + log b = log(ab). log_(c^p)(c^q) = q/p.
Time value of money
- Simple interestSI = P × R × T ÷ 100; Amount = P + SI; R = 100 × SI ÷ (P × T).
- Compound interest (annual and half-yearly)A = P(1 + i)^n where i = rate per period and n = number of periods. CI = A − P.
- Effective rate of interestEffective annual rate E = (1 + r/m)^m − 1, where r is the nominal rate and m the compounding periods per year.
- Annuity: present value and future valueAnnuity regular (end of period): FV = A[(1 + i)^n − 1]/i; PV = A[1 − (1 + i)^−n]/i.
Permutations and combinations
Sequence and series
Sets, relations and functions
Measures of central tendency and dispersion
Correlation and regression
Logical reasoning
- Logical reasoning: number seriesLook at differences first; if they are not constant, check second differences, ratios, squares/cubes or two alternating series.
- Logical reasoning: coding-decodingCompare each letter with its code: find the shift (A→D is +3) or the opposite-letter rule (A↔Z, B↔Y: positions add to 27).
- Logical reasoning: blood relationsDraw a small family tree: mark each person’s gender and generation, then read off the asked relation.