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CA FOUNDATION: QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE · RATIO AND PROPORTION, INDICES, LOGARITHMS

Ratio and proportion: divide an amount in a ratio

Share of a part = total × (its ratio term ÷ sum of ratio terms). To chain A:B and B:C, make the B terms equal.

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Worked examples

Example 1 · level 1

Patel Brothers divides a bonus of ₹11,600 between two employees in the ratio 1:3. How much does the second employee get?

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  1. Sum of ratio terms = 4.
  2. One part = 11,600 ÷ 4 = ₹2,900.
  3. Second employee = 3 × 2,900 = ₹8,700.

Answer: ₹8,700

Example 2 · level 2

Partners X, Y and Z of Reddy Agro share a profit of ₹22,100 in the ratio 3:5:5. Find Z’s share.

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  1. Total parts = 3 + 5 + 5 = 13.
  2. One part = 22,100 ÷ 13 = ₹1,700.
  3. Z = 5 × 1,700 = ₹8,500.

Answer: ₹8,500

Example 3 · level 3

For Patel Brothers, A:B = 4:5 and B:C = 4:2. If ₹43,700 is divided among A, B and C in the combined ratio, how much does C get?

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  1. A:B = 4:5 = 16:20 (×4); B:C = 4:2 = 20:10 (×5).
  2. A:B:C = 16:20:10, total parts 46.
  3. C = 43,700 × 10/46 = ₹9,500.

Answer: ₹9,500

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