Who a Buddha is, what Buddhas teach, and the true refuge.
Buddhavagga
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This chapter in brief
In this chapter the Buddha describes an awakened one as someone free of craving, whose victory over the defilements cannot be undone. It contains the verse Buddhists often call the heart of the teaching: avoid evil, do good, purify the mind. The chapter reminds readers how rare a human birth and the arising of a Buddha are. It contrasts refuge in mountains, groves and shrines with refuge in the Buddha, the Dhamma and the Sangha, which Buddhists understand as leading to insight into the four noble truths and freedom from suffering.
EthicsNibbanaWisdomHappiness
The commentary tells of Aggidatta, once a royal chaplain, who became an ascetic and gathered many followers.
He taught people to seek refuge in mountains, forests, parks and sacred trees to be freed from suffering.
According to the commentary, the Buddha sent Moggallana ahead to them, and then came himself.
The Buddha spoke verses 188 to 192: such places are no secure refuge; the Buddha, Dhamma and Sangha are.
The commentary says Aggidatta and his followers then asked to join the Sangha.
He whose victory may not be undone, a victory unrivaled in all the world; by what track would you trace that Buddha, who leaves no track in his infinite range?
Of craving, the weaver, the clinger, he has none: so where can he be traced? By what track would you trace that Buddha, who leaves no track in his infinite range?
Patient acceptance is the ultimate fervor. Extinguishment is the ultimate, say the Buddhas. No true renunciate injures another, nor does an ascetic hurt another.
Anūpavādo anūpaghāto,Pātimokkhe ca saṁvaro;Mattaññutā ca bhattasmiṁ,Pantañca sayanāsanaṁ;Adhicitte ca āyogo,Etaṁ buddhāna sāsanaṁ.
अनूपवादो अनूपघातो,पातिमोक्खे च संवरो ।मत्तञ्ञुता च भत्तस्मिं,पन्तञ्च सयनासनं ।अधिचित्ते च आयोगो,एतं बुद्धान सासनं ॥
Not speaking ill nor doing harm; restraint in the monastic code; moderation in eating; staying in remote lodgings; commitment to the higher mind, this is the instruction of the Buddhas.
Na kahāpaṇavassena,titti kāmesu vijjati;Appassādā dukhā kāmā,iti viññāya paṇḍito.
न कहापणवस्सेन,तित्ति कामेसु विज्जति ।अप्पस्सादा दुखा कामा,इति विञ्ञाय पण्डितो ॥
Even if it were raining money, you’d not be sated in sensual pleasures. An astute person understands that sensual pleasures offer little gratification and much suffering.
Pali (Mahāsaṅgīti edition) and English by Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0) from SuttaCentral. Hindi and Marathi meanings, summaries and stories: IndiaDigital, awaiting review by a Buddhist scholar.
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