Dhammapada · Chapter 14 of 26 · verses 179 to 196

The Buddhas

Who a Buddha is, what Buddhas teach, and the true refuge.

Buddhavagga

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This chapter in brief

In this chapter the Buddha describes an awakened one as someone free of craving, whose victory over the defilements cannot be undone. It contains the verse Buddhists often call the heart of the teaching: avoid evil, do good, purify the mind. The chapter reminds readers how rare a human birth and the arising of a Buddha are. It contrasts refuge in mountains, groves and shrines with refuge in the Buddha, the Dhamma and the Sangha, which Buddhists understand as leading to insight into the four noble truths and freedom from suffering.

EthicsNibbanaWisdomHappiness

The commentary tells of Aggidatta, once a royal chaplain, who became an ascetic and gathered many followers.

Verses 179 to 196

Verse 179Māradhītaravatthu

Yassa jitaṁ nāvajīyati,Jitaṁ yassa noyāti koci loke;Taṁ buddhamanantagocaraṁ,Apadaṁ kena padena nessatha.

यस्स जितं नावजीयति,जितं यस्स नोयाति कोचि लोके ।तं बुद्धमनन्तगोचरं,अपदं केन पदेन नेस्सथ ॥

He whose victory may not be undone, a victory unrivaled in all the world; by what track would you trace that Buddha, who leaves no track in his infinite range?

Yassa jālinī visattikā,Taṇhā natthi kuhiñci netave;Taṁ buddhamanantagocaraṁ,Apadaṁ kena padena nessatha.

यस्स जालिनी विसत्तिका,तण्हा नत्थि कुहिञ्चि नेतवे ।तं बुद्धमनन्तगोचरं,अपदं केन पदेन नेस्सथ ॥

Of craving, the weaver, the clinger, he has none: so where can he be traced? By what track would you trace that Buddha, who leaves no track in his infinite range?

Verse 181Devorohaṇavatthu

Ye jhānapasutā dhīrā,nekkhammūpasame ratā;Devāpi tesaṁ pihayanti,sambuddhānaṁ satīmataṁ.

ये झानपसुता धीरा,नेक्खम्मूपसमे रता ।देवापि तेसं पिहयन्ति,सम्बुद्धानं सतीमतं ॥

The attentive intent on absorption, who love the peace of renunciation, the Buddhas, ever mindful, are envied by even the gods.

Verse 182Erakapattanāgarājavatthu

Kiccho manussapaṭilābho,kicchaṁ maccāna jīvitaṁ;Kicchaṁ saddhammassavanaṁ,kiccho buddhānamuppādo.

किच्छो मनुस्सपटिलाभो,किच्छं मच्चान जीवितं ।किच्छं सद्धम्मस्सवनं,किच्छो बुद्धानमुप्पादो ॥

It’s hard to gain a human birth; the life of mortals is hard; it’s hard to hear the true teaching; the arising of Buddhas is hard.

Verse 183Ānandattherapañhavatthu

Sabbapāpassa akaraṇaṁ,kusalassa upasampadā;Sacittapariyodapanaṁ,etaṁ buddhāna sāsanaṁ.

सब्बपापस्स अकरणं,कुसलस्स उपसम्पदा ।सचित्तपरियोदपनं,एतं बुद्धान सासनं ॥

Not to do any evil; to embrace the good; to purify one’s mind: this is the instruction of the Buddhas.

Khantī paramaṁ tapo titikkhā,Nibbānaṁ paramaṁ vadanti buddhā;Na hi pabbajito parūpaghātī,Na samaṇo hoti paraṁ viheṭhayanto.

खन्ती परमं तपो तितिक्खा,निब्बानं परमं वदन्ति बुद्धा ।न हि पब्बजितो परूपघाती,न समणो होति परं विहेठयन्तो ॥

Patient acceptance is the ultimate fervor. Extinguishment is the ultimate, say the Buddhas. No true renunciate injures another, nor does an ascetic hurt another.

Anūpavādo anūpaghāto,Pātimokkhe ca saṁvaro;Mattaññutā ca bhattasmiṁ,Pantañca sayanāsanaṁ;Adhicitte ca āyogo,Etaṁ buddhāna sāsanaṁ.

अनूपवादो अनूपघातो,पातिमोक्खे च संवरो ।मत्तञ्ञुता च भत्तस्मिं,पन्तञ्च सयनासनं ।अधिचित्ते च आयोगो,एतं बुद्धान सासनं ॥

Not speaking ill nor doing harm; restraint in the monastic code; moderation in eating; staying in remote lodgings; commitment to the higher mind, this is the instruction of the Buddhas.

Verse 186Anabhiratabhikkhuvatthu

Na kahāpaṇavassena,titti kāmesu vijjati;Appassādā dukhā kāmā,iti viññāya paṇḍito.

न कहापणवस्सेन,तित्ति कामेसु विज्जति ।अप्पस्सादा दुखा कामा,इति विञ्ञाय पण्डितो ॥

Even if it were raining money, you’d not be sated in sensual pleasures. An astute person understands that sensual pleasures offer little gratification and much suffering.

Api dibbesu kāmesu,ratiṁ so nādhigacchati;Taṇhakkhayarato hoti,sammāsambuddhasāvako.

अपि दिब्बेसु कामेसु,रतिं सो नाधिगच्छति ।तण्हक्खयरतो होति,सम्मासम्बुद्धसावको ॥

Thus they find no delight even in celestial pleasures. A disciple of the fully awakened Buddha delights in the ending of craving.

Verse 188Aggidattabrāhmaṇavatthu

Bahuṁ ve saraṇaṁ yanti,pabbatāni vanāni ca;Ārāmarukkhacetyāni,manussā bhayatajjitā.

बहुं वे सरणं यन्ति,पब्बतानि वनानि च ।आरामरुक्खचेत्यानि,मनुस्सा भयतज्जिता ॥

So many go for refuge to mountains and forest groves, to shrines in tended parks; those people are driven by fear.

Netaṁ kho saraṇaṁ khemaṁ,netaṁ saraṇamuttamaṁ;Netaṁ saraṇamāgamma,sabbadukkhā pamuccati.

नेतं खो सरणं खेमं,नेतं सरणमुत्तमं ।नेतं सरणमागम्म,सब्बदुक्खा पमुच्चति ॥

But such refuge is no sanctuary, it is no supreme refuge. By going to that refuge, you’re not released from all suffering.

Yo ca buddhañca dhammañca,saṅghañca saraṇaṁ gato;Cattāri ariyasaccāni,sammappaññāya passati.

यो च बुद्धञ्च धम्मञ्च,सङ्घञ्च सरणं गतो ।चत्तारि अरियसच्चानि,सम्मप्पञ्ञाय पस्सति ॥

One gone for refuge to the Buddha, to his teaching and to the Saṅgha, sees the four noble truths with right understanding:

Dukkhaṁ dukkhasamuppādaṁ,dukkhassa ca atikkamaṁ;Ariyaṁ caṭṭhaṅgikaṁ maggaṁ,dukkhūpasamagāminaṁ.

दुक्खं दुक्खसमुप्पादं,दुक्खस्स च अतिक्कमं ।अरियं चट्ठङ्गिकं मग्गं,दुक्खूपसमगामिनं ॥

suffering, suffering’s origin, suffering’s transcendence, and the noble eightfold path that leads to the stilling of suffering.

Etaṁ kho saraṇaṁ khemaṁ,etaṁ saraṇamuttamaṁ;Etaṁ saraṇamāgamma,sabbadukkhā pamuccati.

एतं खो सरणं खेमं,एतं सरणमुत्तमं ।एतं सरणमागम्म,सब्बदुक्खा पमुच्चति ॥

Such refuge is a sanctuary, it is the supreme refuge. By going to that refuge, you’re released from all suffering.

Verse 193Ānandattherapañhavatthu

Dullabho purisājañño,na so sabbattha jāyati;Yattha so jāyati dhīro,taṁ kulaṁ sukhamedhati.

दुल्लभो पुरिसाजञ्ञो,न सो सब्बत्थ जायति ।यत्थ सो जायति धीरो,तं कुलं सुखमेधति ॥

It’s hard to find a thoroughbred man: they’re not born just anywhere. A family where that attentive one is born prospers in happiness.

Verse 194Sambahulabhikkhuvatthu

Sukho buddhānamuppādo,sukhā saddhammadesanā;Sukhā saṅghassa sāmaggī,samaggānaṁ tapo sukho.

सुखो बुद्धानमुप्पादो,सुखा सद्धम्मदेसना ।सुखा सङ्घस्स सामग्गी,समग्गानं तपो सुखो ॥

Happy, the arising of Buddhas! Happy, the teaching of Dhamma! Happy is the harmony of the Saṅgha, and the striving of the harmonious is happy.

Verse 195Kassapadasabalassasuvaṇṇacetiyavatthu

Pūjārahe pūjayato,buddhe yadi va sāvake;Papañcasamatikkante,tiṇṇasokapariddave.

पूजारहे पूजयतो,बुद्धे यदि व सावके ।पपञ्चसमतिक्कन्ते,तिण्णसोकपरिद्दवे ॥

When a person venerates the worthy, the Buddha or his disciple, who have transcended proliferation, and have left behind grief and lamentation,

Te tādise pūjayato,nibbute akutobhaye;Na sakkā puññaṁ saṅkhātuṁ,imettamapi kenaci.Buddhavaggo cuddasamo.Paṭhamabhāṇavāraṁ.

ते तादिसे पूजयतो,निब्बुते अकुतोभये ।न सक्का पुञ्ञं सङ्खातुं,इमेत्तमपि केनचि ॥बुद्धवग्गो चुद्दसमो ॥पठमभाणवारं ॥

quenched, fearing nothing from any quarter, the merit of one venerating such as these, cannot be calculated by anyone, saying it is just this much.

Quick quiz

  1. According to verse 183, what is the instruction of the Buddhas?

  2. Which of these does verse 182 NOT call hard to gain?

  3. What does verse 184 call the ultimate fervor or austerity?

  4. According to verse 186, what do sensual pleasures offer?

  5. Verse 188 says people take refuge in mountains, groves and shrines because they are driven by what?

  6. Which is the fourth of the noble truths listed in verse 191?

Your score: 0 / 6

Pali (Mahāsaṅgīti edition) and English by Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0) from SuttaCentral. Hindi and Marathi meanings, summaries and stories: IndiaDigital, awaiting review by a Buddhist scholar.

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