CLASS 10 SCIENCE · LIGHT: REFLECTION AND REFRACTION

Magnification and nature of image

Mirror: m = −v/u. Lens: m = v/u. m = h′/h. Negative m → real and inverted; positive m → virtual and erect; |m| > 1 → enlarged.

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Worked examples

Example 1 · level 1

An object is 60 cm from a convex mirror; the image is formed at v = +15 cm (sign convention applied). Find the magnification m, with sign (correct to 2 decimal places).

Show solution
  1. m = −v/u = 0.25.
  2. Positive: virtual and erect.

Answer: 0.25

Example 2 · level 2

An object is 90 cm from a concave mirror; the image is formed at v = −45 cm (sign convention applied). If the object is 4 cm tall, find the height of the image in cm, with sign (correct to 2 decimal places).

Show solution
  1. m = −v/u ≈ -0.5.
  2. h′ = m × h = -2 cm.
  3. Negative height: the image is inverted.

Answer: -2 cm

Example 3 · level 3

An object is 25 cm from a convex lens; the image is formed at v = −150 cm (sign convention applied). Describe the image.

  1. Virtual, erect and enlarged
  2. Virtual, erect and diminished
  3. Real, inverted and diminished
  4. Real, inverted and enlarged
Show solution
  1. m = 6.
  2. m > 0 → virtual and erect; |m| > 1 → enlarged.
  3. Virtual, erect and enlarged.

Answer: Virtual, erect and enlarged

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