Dhammapada · Chapter 23 of 26 · verses 320 to 333

Elephants

Patient as a war elephant, taming the self is the finest training.

Nāgavagga

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This chapter in brief

In this chapter the Buddha uses the elephant, admired in ancient India for strength and patience, as an image for spiritual training. He says he will endure abuse as a war elephant endures arrows, and that the person who has tamed themselves is finer than the best trained animal. The mind is to be guided as a trainer guides a rutting elephant, and pulled out of the mire of defilements. The chapter advises walking with a wise companion, or else alone like an elephant in the forest, and ends by listing simple blessings such as good friends, contentment, caring for parents, virtue, faith and wisdom.

Self-masteryDiligenceFriendshipHappiness

The commentary tells that in Kosambi, Magandiya, who held an old grudge against the Buddha, paid people to insult him as he went for alms.

Verses 320 to 333

Verse 320Attadantavatthu

Ahaṁ nāgova saṅgāme,cāpato patitaṁ saraṁ;Ativākyaṁ titikkhissaṁ,dussīlo hi bahujjano.

अहं नागोव सङ्गामे,चापतो पतितं सरं ।अतिवाक्यं तितिक्खिस्सं,दुस्सीलो हि बहुज्जनो ॥

Like an elephant struck with arrows in battle, I shall endure abuse, for so many folk are badly behaved.

Dantaṁ nayanti samitiṁ,dantaṁ rājābhirūhati;Danto seṭṭho manussesu,yotivākyaṁ titikkhati.

दन्तं नयन्ति समितिं,दन्तं राजाभिरूहति ।दन्तो सेट्ठो मनुस्सेसु,योतिवाक्यं तितिक्खति ॥

The well-tamed beast is the one led to the crowd; the tamed elephant’s the one the king mounts; the tamed person who endures abuse is the best of human beings.

Varamassatarā dantā,ājānīyā ca sindhavā;Kuñjarā ca mahānāgā,attadanto tato varaṁ.

वरमस्सतरा दन्ता,आजानीया च सिन्धवा ।कुञ्जरा च महानागा,अत्तदन्तो ततो वरं ॥

Those who have tamed themselves are better than fine tamed mules, thoroughbreds from Sindh, or giant tuskers.

Verse 323Hatthācariyapubbakabhikkhuvatthu

Na hi etehi yānehi,gaccheyya agataṁ disaṁ;Yathāttanā sudantena,danto dantena gacchati.

न हि एतेहि यानेहि,गच्छेय्य अगतं दिसं ।यथात्तना सुदन्तेन,दन्तो दन्तेन गच्छति ॥

For not on those mounts would you go to the untrodden place, whereas, with the help of one whose self is well tamed, you go there, tamed by the tamed.

Verse 324Parijiṇṇabrāhmaṇaputtavatthu

Dhanapālo nāma kuñjaro,Kaṭukabhedano dunnivārayo;Baddho kabaḷaṁ na bhuñjati,Sumarati nāgavanassa kuñjaro.

धनपालो नाम कुञ्जरो,कटुकभेदनो दुन्निवारयो ।बद्धो कबळं न भुञ्जति,सुमरति नागवनस्स कुञ्जरो ॥

The tusker named Dhanapāla is musky in rut, hard to control. Bound, he eats not a morsel, for he misses the elephant forest.

Verse 325Pasenadikosalavatthu

Middhī yadā hoti mahagghaso ca,Niddāyitā samparivattasāyī;Mahāvarāhova nivāpapuṭṭho,Punappunaṁ gabbhamupeti mando.

मिद्धी यदा होति महग्घसो च,निद्दायिता सम्परिवत्तसायी ।महावराहोव निवापपुट्ठो,पुनप्पुनं गब्भमुपेति मन्दो ॥

One who gets drowsy from overeating, fond of sleep, rolling round the bed like a great hog stuffed with grain: that dullard returns to the womb again and again.

Verse 326Sānusāmaṇeravatthu

Idaṁ pure cittamacāri cārikaṁ,Yenicchakaṁ yatthakāmaṁ yathāsukhaṁ;Tadajjahaṁ niggahessāmi yoniso,Hatthippabhinnaṁ viya aṅkusaggaho.

इदं पुरे चित्तमचारि चारिकं,येनिच्छकं यत्थकामं यथासुखं ।तदज्जहं निग्गहेस्सामि योनिसो,हत्थिप्पभिन्नं विय अङ्कुसग्गहो ॥

In the past my mind wandered how it wished, where it liked, as it pleased. Now I’ll carefully guide it, as a trainer with a hook guides a rutting elephant.

Verse 327Pāveyyakahatthivatthu

Appamādaratā hotha,sacittamanurakkhatha;Duggā uddharathattānaṁ,paṅke sannova kuñjaro.

अप्पमादरता होथ,सचित्तमनुरक्खथ ।दुग्गा उद्धरथत्तानं,पङ्के सन्नोव कुञ्जरो ॥

Delight in diligence! Take good care of your mind! Pull yourself out of this pit, like an elephant sunk in a bog.

Verse 328Sambahulabhikkhuvatthu

Sace labhetha nipakaṁ sahāyaṁ,Saddhiṁ caraṁ sādhuvihāridhīraṁ;Abhibhuyya sabbāni parissayāni,Careyya tenattamano satīmā.

सचे लभेथ निपकं सहायं,सद्धिं चरं साधुविहारिधीरं ।अभिभुय्य सब्बानि परिस्सयानि,चरेय्य तेनत्तमनो सतीमा ॥

If you find an alert companion, an attentive friend to live happily together, then, overcoming all adversities, wander with them, joyful and mindful.

No ce labhetha nipakaṁ sahāyaṁ,Saddhiṁ caraṁ sādhuvihāridhīraṁ;Rājāva raṭṭhaṁ vijitaṁ pahāya,Eko care mātaṅgaraññeva nāgo.

नो चे लभेथ निपकं सहायं,सद्धिं चरं साधुविहारिधीरं ।राजाव रट्ठं विजितं पहाय,एको चरे मातङ्गरञ्ञेव नागो ॥

If you find no alert companion, no attentive friend to live happily together, then, like a king who flees his conquered realm, wander alone like a tusker in the wilds.

Ekassa caritaṁ seyyo,Natthi bāle sahāyatā;Eko care na ca pāpāni kayirā,Appossukko mātaṅgaraññeva nāgo.

एकस्स चरितं सेय्यो,नत्थि बाले सहायता ।एको चरे न च पापानि कयिरा,अप्पोस्सुक्को मातङ्गरञ्ञेव नागो ॥

It’s better to wander alone, there’s no fellowship with fools. Wander alone and do no wrong, at ease like a tusker in the wilds.

Verse 331Māravatthu

Atthamhi jātamhi sukhā sahāyā,Tuṭṭhī sukhā yā itarītarena;Puññaṁ sukhaṁ jīvitasaṅkhayamhi,Sabbassa dukkhassa sukhaṁ pahānaṁ.

अत्थम्हि जातम्हि सुखा सहाया,तुट्ठी सुखा या इतरीतरेन ।पुञ्ञं सुखं जीवितसङ्खयम्हि,सब्बस्स दुक्खस्स सुखं पहानं ॥

A friend in need is a blessing; it’s a blessing to be content with whatever; good deeds are a blessing at the end of life, and giving up all suffering is a blessing.

Sukhā matteyyatā loke,atho petteyyatā sukhā;Sukhā sāmaññatā loke,atho brahmaññatā sukhā.

सुखा मत्तेय्यता लोके,अथो पेत्तेय्यता सुखा ।सुखा सामञ्ञता लोके,अथो ब्रह्मञ्ञता सुखा ॥

In this world it’s a blessing to serve one’s mother and one’s father. And it’s a blessing also to serve ascetics and brahmins.

Sukhaṁ yāva jarā sīlaṁ,sukhā saddhā patiṭṭhitā;Sukho paññāya paṭilābho,pāpānaṁ akaraṇaṁ sukhaṁ.Nāgavaggo tevīsatimo.

सुखं याव जरा सीलं,सुखा सद्धा पतिट्ठिता ।सुखो पञ्ञाय पटिलाभो,पापानं अकरणं सुखं ॥नागवग्गो तेवीसतिमो ॥

It’s a blessing to keep precepts until you grow old; a blessing to be grounded in faith; the getting of wisdom’s a blessing; and it’s a blessing to avoid doing wrong.

Quick quiz

  1. In verse 320, the Buddha says he will endure abuse like what?

  2. According to verse 322, who is better than thoroughbred horses and great tuskers?

  3. In verse 326, how will the speaker now guide the mind?

  4. What does verse 327 compare pulling oneself out of the pit to?

  5. According to verse 330, what is better than the company of a fool?

  6. Which of these does verse 332 call a blessing?

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Pali (Mahāsaṅgīti edition) and English by Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0) from SuttaCentral. Hindi and Marathi meanings, summaries and stories: IndiaDigital, awaiting review by a Buddhist scholar.

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