Dhammapada · Chapter 26 of 26 · verses 383 to 423
A true brahmin is defined by conduct and freedom, not birth.
Brāhmaṇavagga
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In this final and longest chapter the Buddha uses the word "brahmin", which in his time named a priestly class, to describe the fully liberated person. He states that one is not a brahmin by birth, family or matted hair, but by truthfulness, harmlessness, patience, restraint in body, speech and mind, and freedom from craving. Most verses end with the refrain "that is who I call a brahmin", building a portrait of the arahant, one who has reached nibbana. This is a teaching about the meaning of the word in the Buddha's own usage, focused on inner qualities.
NibbanaEthicsSelf-masteryWisdom
The commentary tells that Sariputta first heard the Dhamma from the Elder Assaji, through a short verse that opened his understanding.
Ever after, before sleeping, Sariputta bowed toward wherever Assaji was staying and lay with his head in that direction.
Some monks thought he was still worshipping the directions, as he had before becoming a monk, and told the Buddha.
The Buddha explained he was honouring his teacher, and spoke verse 392: honour the one who taught you the Dhamma.
Chinda sotaṁ parakkamma,kāme panuda brāhmaṇa;Saṅkhārānaṁ khayaṁ ñatvā,akataññūsi brāhmaṇa.
छिन्द सोतं परक्कम्म,कामे पनुद ब्राह्मण ।सङ्खारानं खयं ञत्वा,अकतञ्ञूसि ब्राह्मण ॥
Cut the stream, striving! Cast aside sensual pleasures, brahmin. Knowing the ending of conditions, know the uncreated, brahmin.
Yadā dvayesu dhammesu,pāragū hoti brāhmaṇo;Athassa sabbe saṁyogā,atthaṁ gacchanti jānato.
यदा द्वयेसु धम्मेसु,पारगू होति ब्राह्मणो ।अथस्स सब्बे संयोगा,अत्थं गच्छन्ति जानतो ॥
When a brahmin has gone beyond dualistic phenomena, then they consciously make an end of all fetters.
Yassa pāraṁ apāraṁ vā,pārāpāraṁ na vijjati;Vītaddaraṁ visaṁyuttaṁ,tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.
यस्स पारं अपारं वा,पारापारं न विज्जति ।वीतद्दरं विसंयुत्तं,तमहं ब्रूमि ब्राह्मणं ॥
One for whom there is no crossing over or crossing back, or crossing over and back; stress-free, detached, that’s who I declare a brahmin.
Jhāyiṁ virajamāsīnaṁ,katakiccamanāsavaṁ;Uttamatthamanuppattaṁ,tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.
झायिं विरजमासीनं,कतकिच्चमनासवं ।उत्तमत्थमनुप्पत्तं,तमहं ब्रूमि ब्राह्मणं ॥
Absorbed, rid of hopes, their task completed, without defilements, arrived at the highest goal: that’s who I declare a brahmin.
Divā tapati ādicco,rattimābhāti candimā;Sannaddho khattiyo tapati,jhāyī tapati brāhmaṇo;Atha sabbamahorattiṁ,buddho tapati tejasā.
दिवा तपति आदिच्चो,रत्तिमाभाति चन्दिमा ।सन्नद्धो खत्तियो तपति,झायी तपति ब्राह्मणो ।अथ सब्बमहोरत्तिं,बुद्धो तपति तेजसा ॥
The sun blazes by day, the moon radiates at night, the aristocrat shines in armor, and the brahmin shines in absorption. But all day and all night, the Buddha blazes with glory.
Bāhitapāpoti brāhmaṇo,Samacariyā samaṇoti vuccati;Pabbājayamattano malaṁ,Tasmā “pabbajito”ti vuccati.
बाहितपापोति ब्राह्मणो,समचरिया समणोति वुच्चति ।पब्बाजयमत्तनो मलं,तस्मा “पब्बजितो”ति वुच्चति ॥
A brahmin’s so-called since they’ve banished evil, an ascetic’s so-called since they live a serene life. One who has renounced all stains is said to be a “renunciant”.
Na brāhmaṇassa pahareyya,nāssa muñcetha brāhmaṇo;Dhī brāhmaṇassa hantāraṁ,tato dhī yassa muñcati.
न ब्राह्मणस्स पहरेय्य,नास्स मुञ्चेथ ब्राह्मणो ।धी ब्राह्मणस्स हन्तारं,ततो धी यस्स मुञ्चति ॥
One should never strike a brahmin, nor should a brahmin retaliate. Woe to the one who hurts a brahmin, and woe for the one who retaliates.
Na brāhmaṇassetadakiñci seyyo,Yadā nisedho manaso piyehi;Yato yato hiṁsamano nivattati,Tato tato sammatimeva dukkhaṁ.
न ब्राह्मणस्सेतदकिञ्चि सेय्यो,यदा निसेधो मनसो पियेहि ।यतो यतो हिंसमनो निवत्तति,ततो ततो सम्मतिमेव दुक्खं ॥
Nothing is better for a brahmin than to hold their mind back from attachment. From wherever a cruel wish recoils, right there suffering subsides.
Yassa kāyena vācāya,manasā natthi dukkaṭaṁ;Saṁvutaṁ tīhi ṭhānehi,tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.
यस्स कायेन वाचाय,मनसा नत्थि दुक्कटं ।संवुतं तीहि ठानेहि,तमहं ब्रूमि ब्राह्मणं ॥
Who does nothing wrong by body, speech or mind, restrained in these three respects, that’s who I declare a brahmin.
Yamhā dhammaṁ vijāneyya,sammāsambuddhadesitaṁ;Sakkaccaṁ taṁ namasseyya,aggihuttaṁva brāhmaṇo.
यम्हा धम्मं विजानेय्य,सम्मासम्बुद्धदेसितं ।सक्कच्चं तं नमस्सेय्य,अग्गिहुत्तंव ब्राह्मणो ॥
You should graciously honor the one from whom you learn the Dhamma taught by the awakened Buddha, as a brahmin honors the sacred flame.
Na jaṭāhi na gottena,na jaccā hoti brāhmaṇo;Yamhi saccañca dhammo ca,so sucī so ca brāhmaṇo.
न जटाहि न गोत्तेन,न जच्चा होति ब्राह्मणो ।यम्हि सच्चञ्च धम्मो च,सो सुची सो च ब्राह्मणो ॥
Not by matted hair or family, or birth is one a brahmin. Those who are truthful and principled: they are pure, they are brahmins.
Kiṁ te jaṭāhi dummedha,kiṁ te ajinasāṭiyā;Abbhantaraṁ te gahanaṁ,bāhiraṁ parimajjasi.
किं ते जटाहि दुम्मेध,किं ते अजिनसाटिया ।अब्भन्तरं ते गहनं,बाहिरं परिमज्जसि ॥
Why the matted hair, you simpleton, and why the skin of deer? The tangle is inside you, yet you polish up your outsides.
Paṁsukūladharaṁ jantuṁ,kisaṁ dhamanisanthataṁ;Ekaṁ vanasmiṁ jhāyantaṁ,tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.
पंसुकूलधरं जन्तुं,किसं धमनिसन्थतं ।एकं वनस्मिं झायन्तं,तमहं ब्रूमि ब्राह्मणं ॥
A personage who wears robes of rags, lean, their limbs showing veins, meditating alone in the forest, that’s who I declare a brahmin.
Na cāhaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ brūmi,yonijaṁ mattisambhavaṁ;Bhovādi nāma so hoti,sace hoti sakiñcano;Akiñcanaṁ anādānaṁ,tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.
न चाहं ब्राह्मणं ब्रूमि,योनिजं मत्तिसम्भवं ।भोवादि नाम सो होति,सचे होति सकिञ्चनो ।अकिञ्चनं अनादानं,तमहं ब्रूमि ब्राह्मणं ॥
I don’t call someone a brahmin after the mother’s womb they’re born from. If they still have attachments, they’re just someone who says “worthy”. Having nothing, taking nothing: that’s who I declare a brahmin.
Sabbasaṁyojanaṁ chetvā,yo ve na paritassati;Saṅgātigaṁ visaṁyuttaṁ,tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.
सब्बसंयोजनं छेत्वा,यो वे न परितस्सति ।सङ्गातिगं विसंयुत्तं,तमहं ब्रूमि ब्राह्मणं ॥
Having cut off all fetters they have no anxiety. They’ve slipped their chains and are detached: that’s who I declare a brahmin.
Chetvā naddhiṁ varattañca,sandānaṁ sahanukkamaṁ;Ukkhittapalighaṁ buddhaṁ,tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.
छेत्वा नद्धिं वरत्तञ्च,सन्दानं सहनुक्कमं ।उक्खित्तपलिघं बुद्धं,तमहं ब्रूमि ब्राह्मणं ॥
They’ve cut the strap and harness, the halter and bridle too, with cross-bar lifted, they’re awakened: that’s who I declare a brahmin.
Akkosaṁ vadhabandhañca,aduṭṭho yo titikkhati;Khantībalaṁ balānīkaṁ,tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.
अक्कोसं वधबन्धञ्च,अदुट्ठो यो तितिक्खति ।खन्तीबलं बलानीकं,तमहं ब्रूमि ब्राह्मणं ॥
Abuse, killing, caging: they endure these without anger. Patience is their powerful army: that’s who I declare a brahmin.
Akkodhanaṁ vatavantaṁ,sīlavantaṁ anussadaṁ;Dantaṁ antimasārīraṁ,tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.
अक्कोधनं वतवन्तं,सीलवन्तं अनुस्सदं ।दन्तं अन्तिमसारीरं,तमहं ब्रूमि ब्राह्मणं ॥
Not irritable or pretentious, dutiful in precepts and observances, tamed, bearing their final body: that’s who I declare a brahmin.
Vāri pokkharapatteva,āraggeriva sāsapo;Yo na limpati kāmesu,tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.
वारि पोक्खरपत्तेव,आरग्गेरिव सासपो ।यो न लिम्पति कामेसु,तमहं ब्रूमि ब्राह्मणं ॥
Like water from a lotus leaf, like a mustard seed off the point of a pin, sensual pleasures slip off them: that’s who I declare a brahmin.
Yo dukkhassa pajānāti,idheva khayamattano;Pannabhāraṁ visaṁyuttaṁ,tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.
यो दुक्खस्स पजानाति,इधेव खयमत्तनो ।पन्नभारं विसंयुत्तं,तमहं ब्रूमि ब्राह्मणं ॥
They understand for themselves the end of suffering in this life; with burden put down, detached: that’s who I declare a brahmin.
Gambhīrapaññaṁ medhāviṁ,maggāmaggassa kovidaṁ;Uttamatthamanuppattaṁ,tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.
गम्भीरपञ्ञं मेधाविं,मग्गामग्गस्स कोविदं ।उत्तमत्थमनुप्पत्तं,तमहं ब्रूमि ब्राह्मणं ॥
Deep in wisdom, intelligent, expert in the path and what is not the path; arrived at the highest goal: that’s who I declare a brahmin.
Asaṁsaṭṭhaṁ gahaṭṭhehi,anāgārehi cūbhayaṁ;Anokasārimappicchaṁ,tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.
असंसट्ठं गहट्ठेहि,अनागारेहि चूभयं ।अनोकसारिमप्पिच्छं,तमहं ब्रूमि ब्राह्मणं ॥
Mixing with neither householders nor the homeless; a migrant with no bastion, few in wishes: that’s who I declare a brahmin.
Nidhāya daṇḍaṁ bhūtesu,tasesu thāvaresu ca;Yo na hanti na ghāteti,tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.
निधाय दण्डं भूतेसु,तसेसु थावरेसु च ।यो न हन्ति न घातेति,तमहं ब्रूमि ब्राह्मणं ॥
They’ve laid aside violence against creatures firm and frail; not killing or making others kill: that’s who I declare a brahmin.
Aviruddhaṁ viruddhesu,attadaṇḍesu nibbutaṁ;Sādānesu anādānaṁ,tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.
अविरुद्धं विरुद्धेसु,अत्तदण्डेसु निब्बुतं ।सादानेसु अनादानं,तमहं ब्रूमि ब्राह्मणं ॥
Not fighting among those who fight, quenched among those who have taken up arms, not grasping among those who grasp: that’s who I declare a brahmin.
Yassa rāgo ca doso ca,māno makkho ca pātito;Sāsaporiva āraggā,tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.
यस्स रागो च दोसो च,मानो मक्खो च पातितो ।सासपोरिव आरग्गा,तमहं ब्रूमि ब्राह्मणं ॥
They’ve discarded greed and hate, along with conceit and contempt, like a mustard seed off the point of a pin: that’s who I declare a brahmin.
Akakkasaṁ viññāpaniṁ,giraṁ saccamudīraye;Yāya nābhisaje kañci,tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.
अकक्कसं विञ्ञापनिं,गिरं सच्चमुदीरये ।याय नाभिसजे कञ्चि,तमहं ब्रूमि ब्राह्मणं ॥
The words they utter are polished, informative, and true, and don’t offend anyone: that’s who I declare a brahmin.
Yodha dīghaṁ va rassaṁ vā,aṇuṁ thūlaṁ subhāsubhaṁ;Loke adinnaṁ nādiyati,tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.
योध दीघं व रस्सं वा,अणुं थूलं सुभासुभं ।लोके अदिन्नं नादियति,तमहं ब्रूमि ब्राह्मणं ॥
They don’t steal anything in the world, long or short, tiny or huge, beautiful or ugly: that’s who I declare a brahmin.
Āsā yassa na vijjanti,asmiṁ loke paramhi ca;Nirāsāsaṁ visaṁyuttaṁ,tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.
आसा यस्स न विज्जन्ति,अस्मिं लोके परम्हि च ।निरासासं विसंयुत्तं,तमहं ब्रूमि ब्राह्मणं ॥
They have no hope in this world or the next; with no need for hope, detached: that’s who I declare a brahmin.
Yassālayā na vijjanti,aññāya akathaṅkathī;Amatogadhamanuppattaṁ,tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.
यस्सालया न विज्जन्ति,अञ्ञाय अकथङ्कथी ।अमतोगधमनुप्पत्तं,तमहं ब्रूमि ब्राह्मणं ॥
They have no clinging, knowledge has freed them of indecision, they’ve arrived at the objective, freedom from death: that’s who I declare a brahmin.
Yodha puññañca pāpañca,ubho saṅgamupaccagā;Asokaṁ virajaṁ suddhaṁ,tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.
योध पुञ्ञञ्च पापञ्च,उभो सङ्गमुपच्चगा ।असोकं विरजं सुद्धं,तमहं ब्रूमि ब्राह्मणं ॥
They’ve escaped the chain of both good and bad deeds; sorrowless, stainless, pure: that’s who I declare a brahmin.
Candaṁva vimalaṁ suddhaṁ,vippasannamanāvilaṁ;Nandībhavaparikkhīṇaṁ,tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.
चन्दंव विमलं सुद्धं,विप्पसन्नमनाविलं ।नन्दीभवपरिक्खीणं,तमहं ब्रूमि ब्राह्मणं ॥
Pure as the spotless moon, clear and unclouded, they’ve ended relish for rebirth: that’s who I declare a brahmin.
Yomaṁ palipathaṁ duggaṁ,saṁsāraṁ mohamaccagā;Tiṇṇo pāraṅgato jhāyī,anejo akathaṅkathī;Anupādāya nibbuto,tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.
योमं पलिपथं दुग्गं,संसारं मोहमच्चगा ।तिण्णो पारङ्गतो झायी,अनेजो अकथङ्कथी ।अनुपादाय निब्बुतो,तमहं ब्रूमि ब्राह्मणं ॥
They’ve got past this grueling swamp of delusion, transmigration. Meditating in stillness, free of indecision, they have crossed over to the far shore. They’re quenched by not grasping: that’s who I declare a brahmin.
Yodha kāme pahantvāna,anāgāro paribbaje;Kāmabhavaparikkhīṇaṁ,tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.
योध कामे पहन्त्वान,अनागारो परिब्बजे ।कामभवपरिक्खीणं,तमहं ब्रूमि ब्राह्मणं ॥
They’ve given up sensual pleasures, and have gone forth from lay life; they’ve ended rebirth in the sensual realm: that’s who I declare a brahmin.
Yodha taṇhaṁ pahantvāna,anāgāro paribbaje;Taṇhābhavaparikkhīṇaṁ,tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.anāgāro paribbaje;Taṇhābhavaparikkhīṇaṁ,tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.
योध तण्हं पहन्त्वान,अनागारो परिब्बजे ।तण्हाभवपरिक्खीणं,तमहं ब्रूमि ब्राह्मणं ॥अनागारो परिब्बजे ।तण्हाभवपरिक्खीणं,तमहं ब्रूमि ब्राह्मणं ॥
They’ve given up craving, and have gone forth from lay life; they’ve ended craving to be reborn: that’s who I declare a brahmin. and have gone forth from lay life; they’ve ended craving to be reborn: that’s who I declare a brahmin.
Hitvā mānusakaṁ yogaṁ,dibbaṁ yogaṁ upaccagā;Sabbayogavisaṁyuttaṁ,tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.
हित्वा मानुसकं योगं,दिब्बं योगं उपच्चगा ।सब्बयोगविसंयुत्तं,तमहं ब्रूमि ब्राह्मणं ॥
They’ve thrown off the human yoke, and slipped out of the heavenly yoke; unyoked from all yokes: that’s who I declare a brahmin.
Hitvā ratiñca aratiñca,sītibhūtaṁ nirūpadhiṁ;Sabbalokābhibhuṁ vīraṁ,tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.
हित्वा रतिञ्च अरतिञ्च,सीतिभूतं निरूपधिं ।सब्बलोकाभिभुं वीरं,तमहं ब्रूमि ब्राह्मणं ॥
Giving up desire and discontent, they’re cooled and free of attachments; a hero, master of the whole world: that’s who I declare a brahmin.
Cutiṁ yo vedi sattānaṁ,upapattiñca sabbaso;Asattaṁ sugataṁ buddhaṁ,tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.
चुतिं यो वेदि सत्तानं,उपपत्तिञ्च सब्बसो ।असत्तं सुगतं बुद्धं,तमहं ब्रूमि ब्राह्मणं ॥
They know the passing away and rebirth of all beings; unattached, holy, awakened: that’s who I declare a brahmin.
Yassa gatiṁ na jānanti,devā gandhabbamānusā;Khīṇāsavaṁ arahantaṁ,tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.
यस्स गतिं न जानन्ति,देवा गन्धब्बमानुसा ।खीणासवं अरहन्तं,तमहं ब्रूमि ब्राह्मणं ॥
Gods, centaurs, and humans don’t know their destiny; the perfected ones with defilements ended: that’s who I declare a brahmin.
Yassa pure ca pacchā ca,majjhe ca natthi kiñcanaṁ;Akiñcanaṁ anādānaṁ,tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.
यस्स पुरे च पच्छा च,मज्झे च नत्थि किञ्चनं ।अकिञ्चनं अनादानं,तमहं ब्रूमि ब्राह्मणं ॥
They have nothing before or after, or even in between. Having nothing, taking nothing: that’s who I declare a brahmin.
Usabhaṁ pavaraṁ vīraṁ,mahesiṁ vijitāvinaṁ;Anejaṁ nhātakaṁ buddhaṁ,tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.
उसभं पवरं वीरं,महेसिं विजिताविनं ।अनेजं न्हातकं बुद्धं,तमहं ब्रूमि ब्राह्मणं ॥
Captain of the herd, excellent hero, great seer and victor; unstirred, washed, awakened: that’s who I declare a brahmin.
Pubbenivāsaṁ yo vedi,saggāpāyañca passati;Atho jātikkhayaṁ patto,abhiññāvosito muni;Sabbavositavosānaṁ,tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.Brāhmaṇavaggo chabbīsatimo.Ettāvatā sabbapaṭhame yamakavagge cuddasa vatthūni, appamādavagge nava, cittavagge nava, pupphavagge dvādasa, bālavagge pannarasa, paṇḍitavagge ekādasa, arahantavagge dasa, sahassavagge cuddasa, pāpavagge dvādasa, daṇḍavagge ekādasa, jarāvagge nava, attavagge dasa, lokavagge ekādasa, buddhavagge nava, sukhavagge aṭṭha, piyavagge nava, kodhavagge aṭṭha, malavagge dvādasa, dhammaṭṭhavagge dasa, maggavagge dvādasa, pakiṇṇakavagge nava, nirayavagge nava, nāgavagge aṭṭha, taṇhāvagge dvādasa, bhikkhuvagge dvādasa, brāhmaṇavagge cattālīsāti pañcādhikāni tīṇi vatthusatāni.Satevīsacatussatā,catusaccavibhāvinā;Satattayañca vatthūnaṁ,pañcādhikaṁ samuṭṭhitāti.Dhammapade vaggānamuddānaṁYamakappamādo cittaṁ,pupphaṁ bālena paṇḍito;Arahanto sahassañca,pāpaṁ daṇḍena te dasa.Jarā attā ca loko ca,buddho sukhaṁ piyena ca;Kodho malañca dhammaṭṭho,maggavaggena vīsati.Pakiṇṇaṁ nirayo nāgo,taṇhā bhikkhu ca brāhmaṇo;Ete chabbīsati vaggā,desitādiccabandhunā.GāthānamuddānaṁYamake vīsati gāthā,appamādamhi dvādasa;Ekādasa cittavagge,pupphavaggamhi soḷasa.Bāle ca soḷasa gāthā,paṇḍitamhi catuddasa;Arahante dasa gāthā,sahasse honti soḷasa.Terasa pāpavaggamhi,daṇḍamhi dasa satta ca;Ekādasa jarā vagge,attavaggamhi tā dasa.Dvādasa lokavaggamhi,buddhavaggamhi ṭhārasa;Sukhe ca piyavagge ca,gāthāyo honti dvādasa.Cuddasa kodhavaggamhi,malavaggekavīsati;Sattarasa ca dhammaṭṭhe,maggavagge sattarasa.Pakiṇṇe soḷasa gāthā,niraye nāge ca cuddasa;Chabbīsa taṇhāvaggamhi,tevīsa bhikkhuvaggikā.Ekatālīsagāthāyo,brāhmaṇe vaggamuttame;Gāthāsatāni cattāri,tevīsa ca punāpare;Dhammapade nipātamhi,desitādiccabandhunāti.Dhammapadapāḷi samattā.
पुब्बेनिवासं यो वेदि,सग्गापायञ्च पस्सति ।अथो जातिक्खयं पत्तो,अभिञ्ञावोसितो मुनि ।सब्बवोसितवोसानं,तमहं ब्रूमि ब्राह्मणं ॥ब्राह्मणवग्गो छब्बीसतिमो ॥एत्तावता सब्बपठमे यमकवग्गे चुद्दस वत्थूनि, अप्पमादवग्गे नव, चित्तवग्गे नव, पुप्फवग्गे द्वादस, बालवग्गे पन्नरस, पण्डितवग्गे एकादस, अरहन्तवग्गे दस, सहस्सवग्गे चुद्दस, पापवग्गे द्वादस, दण्डवग्गे एकादस, जरावग्गे नव, अत्तवग्गे दस, लोकवग्गे एकादस, बुद्धवग्गे नव, सुखवग्गे अट्ठ, पियवग्गे नव, कोधवग्गे अट्ठ, मलवग्गे द्वादस, धम्मट्ठवग्गे दस, मग्गवग्गे द्वादस, पकिण्णकवग्गे नव, निरयवग्गे नव, नागवग्गे अट्ठ, तण्हावग्गे द्वादस, भिक्खुवग्गे द्वादस, ब्राह्मणवग्गे चत्तालीसाति पञ्चाधिकानि तीणि वत्थुसतानि ॥सतेवीसचतुस्सता,चतुसच्चविभाविना ।सतत्तयञ्च वत्थूनं,पञ्चाधिकं समुट्ठिताति ॥धम्मपदे वग्गानमुद्दानंयमकप्पमादो चित्तं,पुप्फं बालेन पण्डितो ।अरहन्तो सहस्सञ्च,पापं दण्डेन ते दस ॥जरा अत्ता च लोको च,बुद्धो सुखं पियेन च ।कोधो मलञ्च धम्मट्ठो,मग्गवग्गेन वीसति ॥पकिण्णं निरयो नागो,तण्हा भिक्खु च ब्राह्मणो ।एते छब्बीसति वग्गा,देसितादिच्चबन्धुना ॥गाथानमुद्दानंयमके वीसति गाथा,अप्पमादम्हि द्वादस ।एकादस चित्तवग्गे,पुप्फवग्गम्हि सोळस ॥बाले च सोळस गाथा,पण्डितम्हि चतुद्दस ।अरहन्ते दस गाथा,सहस्से होन्ति सोळस ॥तेरस पापवग्गम्हि,दण्डम्हि दस सत्त च ।एकादस जरा वग्गे,अत्तवग्गम्हि ता दस ॥द्वादस लोकवग्गम्हि,बुद्धवग्गम्हि ठारस ।सुखे च पियवग्गे च,गाथायो होन्ति द्वादस ॥चुद्दस कोधवग्गम्हि,मलवग्गेकवीसति ।सत्तरस च धम्मट्ठे,मग्गवग्गे सत्तरस ॥पकिण्णे सोळस गाथा,निरये नागे च चुद्दस ।छब्बीस तण्हावग्गम्हि,तेवीस भिक्खुवग्गिका ॥एकतालीसगाथायो,ब्राह्मणे वग्गमुत्तमे ।गाथासतानि चत्तारि,तेवीस च पुनापरे ।धम्मपदे निपातम्हि,देसितादिच्चबन्धुनाति ॥धम्मपदपाळि समत्ता ॥
One who knows their past lives, sees heaven and places of loss, and has attained the end of rebirth; a sage of perfect insight at the summit of spiritual perfection: that’s who I declare a brahmin. The Sayings of the Dhamma are complete.
According to verse 393, what makes someone a brahmin in the Buddha's sense?
What refrain ends most verses of this chapter?
In verse 387, who shines all day and all night?
In verse 399, what is described as the brahmin's powerful army?
According to verse 405, what has the true brahmin laid aside toward all beings?
In verse 392, one should honour the person who taught them the Dhamma the way a brahmin honours what?
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Pali (Mahāsaṅgīti edition) and English by Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0) from SuttaCentral. Hindi and Marathi meanings, summaries and stories: IndiaDigital, awaiting review by a Buddhist scholar.
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