Chapter 8: Bondage of karma (bandha)

मिथ्यादर्शनाविरतिप्रमादकषाययोगा बन्धहेतवः

mithyādarśanāviratipramādakaṣāyayogā bandhahetavaḥ

The causes of bondage are wrong belief, lack of restraint, carelessness, passions and activity.

सकषायत्वाज्जीवः कर्मणो योग्यान् पुद्गलानादत्ते स बन्धः

sakaṣāyatvājjīvaḥ karmaṇo yogyān pudgalānādatte sa bandhaḥ

Because of its passions, the soul takes in matter fit to become karma; this is bondage (bandha).

प्रकृतिस्थित्यनुभवप्रदेशास्तद्विधयः

prakṛtisthityanubhavapradeśāstadvidhayaḥ

Bondage has four aspects: type (prakriti), duration (sthiti), intensity of fruition (anubhava) and quantity (pradesha).

आद्यो ज्ञानदर्शनावरणवेदनीयमोहनीयायुर्नामगोत्रान्तरायाः

ādyo jñānadarśanāvaraṇavedanīyamohanīyāyurnāmagotrāntarāyāḥ

By type, karma is eightfold: knowledge-obscuring, perception-obscuring, feeling-producing, deluding, lifespan, body-making (nama), status (gotra) and obstructive (antaraya).

पञ्चनवद्व्यष्टाविंशतिचतुर्द्विचत्वारिंशद्द्विपञ्चभेदा यथाक्रमम्

pañcanavadvyaṣṭāviṃśaticaturdvicatvāriṃśaddvipañcabhedā yathākramam

These have, in order, five, nine, two, twenty-eight, four, forty-two, two and five subtypes.

मतिश्रुतावधिमनःपर्ययकेवलानाम्

matiśrutāvadhimanaḥparyayakevalānām

Knowledge-obscuring karma veils the five kinds of knowledge: sensory, scriptural, clairvoyant, mind-reading and omniscient.

चक्षुरचक्षुरवधिकेवलानां निद्रानिद्रानिद्राप्रचलाप्रचलाप्रचलास्त्यानगृद्धयश्च

cakṣuracakṣuravadhikevalānāṃ nidrānidrānidrāpracalāpracalāpracalāstyānagṛddhayaśca

Perception-obscuring karma veils visual, non-visual, clairvoyant and perfect perception, and also includes five kinds of sleep: light sleep, deep sleep, drowsiness, heavy drowsiness and sleepwalking.

सदसद्वेद्ये

sadasadvedye

Feeling-producing karma is of two kinds: pleasant and unpleasant.

दर्शनचारित्रमोहनीयाकषायकषायवेदनीयाख्यास्त्रिद्विनवषोडशभेदाः सम्यक्त्वमिथ्यात्वतदुभयान्यकषायकषायौ हास्यरत्यरतिशोकभयजुगुप्सास्त्रीपुन्नपुंसकवेदा अनन्तानुबन्ध्यप्रत्याख्यानप्रत्याख्यानसंज्वलनविकल्पाश्चैकशः क्रोधमानमायालोभाः

darśanacāritramohanīyākaṣāyakaṣāyavedanīyākhyāstridvinavaṣoḍaśabhedāḥ samyaktvamithyātvatadubhayānyakaṣāyakaṣāyau hāsyaratyaratiśokabhayajugupsāstrīpunnapuṃsakavedā anantānubandhyapratyākhyānapratyākhyānasaṃjvalanavikalpāścaikaśaḥ krodhamānamāyālobhāḥ

Deluding karma has twenty-eight kinds: three that delude faith (right belief, wrong belief and a mix of both), nine quasi-passions (laughter, liking, dislike, grief, fear, disgust and the three sexual feelings), and sixteen passions: anger, pride, deceit and greed, each in four grades of strength (anantanubandhi, apratyakhyana, pratyakhyana and samjvalana).

नारकतैर्यग्योनमानुषदैवानि

nārakatairyagyonamānuṣadaivāni

Lifespan karma is of four kinds: hellish, tiryanch, human and celestial.

गतिजातिशरीराङ्गोपाङ्गनिर्माणबन्धनसंघातसंस्थानसंहननस्पर्शरसगन्धवर्णानुपूर्व्यागुरुलघूपघातपरघातातपोद्योतोच्छ्वासविहायोगतयः प्रत्येकशरीरत्रससुभगसुस्वरशुभसूक्ष्मपर्याप्तिस्थिरादेययशःकीर्तिसेतराणि तीर्थकरत्वं च

gatijātiśarīrāṅgopāṅganirmāṇabandhanasaṃghātasaṃsthānasaṃhananasparśarasagandhavarṇānupūrvyāgurulaghūpaghātaparaghātātapodyotocchvāsavihāyogatayaḥ pratyekaśarīratrasasubhagasusvaraśubhasūkṣmaparyāptisthirādeyayaśaḥkīrtisetarāṇi tīrthakaratvaṃ ca

Body-making karma covers destiny, class of being, body, limbs, formation, binding, aggregation, figure, bone structure, touch, taste, smell, colour, the form kept in transit, being neither too heavy nor too light, self-injury, injuring others, radiant heat, cool lustre, breathing and gait; then individual body, mobility, attractiveness, sweet voice, beauty, subtle body, completeness, firmness, impressiveness and fame, each with its opposite; and the nature of a Tirthankara.

उच्चैर्नीचैश्च

uccairnīcaiśca

Status (gotra) karma is of two kinds: high and low.

दानलाभभोगोपभोगवीर्याणाम्

dānalābhabhogopabhogavīryāṇām

Obstructive karma hinders giving, gain, enjoyment, repeated enjoyment and energy.

आदितस्तिसृणामन्तरायस्य च त्रिंशत्सागरोपमकोटीकोट्यः परा स्थितिः

āditastisṛṇāmantarāyasya ca triṃśatsāgaropamakoṭīkoṭyaḥ parā sthitiḥ

The maximum duration of the first three types and of obstructive karma is thirty kotakoti sagaropamas.

सप्ततिर्मोहनीयस्य

saptatirmohanīyasya

For deluding karma it is seventy.

विंशतिर्नामगोत्रयोः

viṃśatirnāmagotrayoḥ

For nama and gotra karma it is twenty.

त्रयस्त्रिंशत्सागरोपमाण्यायुषः

trayastriṃśatsāgaropamāṇyāyuṣaḥ

For lifespan karma it is thirty-three sagaropamas.

अपरा द्वादश मुहूर्त्ता वेदनीयस्य

aparā dvādaśa muhūrttā vedanīyasya

The minimum duration of feeling-producing karma is twelve muhurtas.

नामगोत्रयोरष्टौ

nāmagotrayoraṣṭau

For nama and gotra it is eight muhurtas.

शेषाणामन्तर्मुहूर्ताः

śeṣāṇāmantarmuhūrtāḥ

For the rest it is less than one muhurta (antarmuhurta).

विपाकोऽनुभवः

vipāko'nubhavaḥ

The ripening of karma is its fruition (anubhava).

स यथानाम

sa yathānāma

It accords with the name of each karma.

ततश्च निर्जरा

tataśca nirjarā

After fruition, the karma falls away; this is shedding (nirjara).

नामप्रत्ययाः सर्वतो योगविशेषात्सूक्ष्मैकक्षेत्रावगाहस्थिताः सर्वात्मप्रदेशेष्वनन्तानन्तप्रदेशाः

nāmapratyayāḥ sarvato yogaviśeṣātsūkṣmaikakṣetrāvagāhasthitāḥ sarvātmapradeśeṣvanantānantapradeśāḥ

Karmic matter, the basis of all karmic types, comes from all sides through activity; it is subtle, occupies the same space as the soul, stays there, and binds in infinitely many units to every space point of the soul.

सद्वेद्यशुभायुर्नामगोत्राणि पुण्यम्

sadvedyaśubhāyurnāmagotrāṇi puṇyam

Pleasant-feeling karma and auspicious lifespan, nama and gotra karma are merit (punya).

अतोऽन्यत्पापम्

ato'nyatpāpam

All other karma is demerit (papa).