MPSC prelims Economy: previous year questionsMPSC प्रीलिम्स अर्थव्यवस्था: पिछले वर्षों के प्रश्न

68 questions from the prelims papers of 2022 to 2026, newest first. Read the question, try it, then open the answer: it comes from the official MPSC answer key, with a short explanation.2022 से 2026 तक के प्रीलिम्स पेपरों से 68 प्रश्न, नए पहले। प्रश्न पढ़िए, हल कीजिए, फिर उत्तर खोलिए: वह आधिकारिक MPSC उत्तर-कुंजी से है, साथ में छोटी व्याख्या।

MPSC 2026, question 8प्रश्न 8
Match the following. (a) Sindhri : (i) Fertilizer Factory (b) Chittaranjan : (ii) Railway Coach Factory (c) Perambur : (iii) Locomotive Factory (d) Pimpri : (iv) Penicillin Factory
1. (a) - (i), (b) - (ii), (c) - (iii), (d) - (iv)
2. (a) - (i), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (iv)
3. (a) - (ii), (b) - (i), (c) - (iv), (d) - (iii)
4. (a) - (iv), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (i)
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (2) (a) - (i), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (iv)
Sindri had India's first big public sector fertilizer plant, Chittaranjan makes railway locomotives, the Integral Coach Factory at Perambur makes coaches, and Hindustan Antibiotics at Pimpri made penicillin. This is option (2).
MPSC 2026, question 20प्रश्न 20
What was the per hectare yield of Rice and Wheat in the year 2023-2024 in India ?
1. 3282 and 4559 kg
2. 2681 and 3460 kg
3. 2882 and 3559 kg
4. 2581 and 3259 kg
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (3) 2882 and 3559 kg
According to official agricultural statistics for 2023-24, India's average yield was about 2882 kg per hectare for rice and about 3559 kg per hectare for wheat, which is option (3).
MPSC 2026, question 37प्रश्न 37
Match the pairs. Poverty Eradication Programs in India : Year of launch (a) Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) : (i) 2001 (b) Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP) : (ii) 1989 (c) Jawahar Rojgar Yojana : (iii) 1983 (d) Sampoorna Grameen Rojgar Yojana : (iv) 1978
1. (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
2. (a)-(iv), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iii)
3. (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)
4. (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (4) (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
IRDP began in 1978 (extended nationwide in 1980), RLEGP in 1983, Jawahar Rozgar Yojana in 1989 and Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana in 2001. This is option (4).
MPSC 2026, question 39प्रश्न 39
The periods of the First and Fourth Five Year Plans are __________ and __________ respectively.
1. 1951-56, 1961-66
2. 1951-56, 1969-74
3. 1951-56, 1967-72
4. 1951-56, 1974-79
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (2) 1951-56, 1969-74
The First Five Year Plan ran from 1951 to 1956 and, after the plan holiday of 1966-69, the Fourth Plan ran from 1969 to 1974. This is option (2).
MPSC 2026, question 40प्रश्न 40
Consider the following statements : Statement-I : As per projection on 1st March 2026, the total projected population of Maharashtra is about 12.93 crore. Statement-II : During the same period, the urban population of Maharashtra is higher than its rural population. Which of the statement/s given above is/are correct ?
1. Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect.
2. Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct.
3. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct.
4. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are incorrect.
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (1) Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect.
The projection cited in the Economic Survey of Maharashtra puts the state's population at about 12.93 crore on 1 March 2026, while the rural population is still larger than the urban one. So only Statement-I is correct, option (1).
MPSC 2026, question 42प्रश्न 42
Social Security measures are typically divided into two main categories. Which of the following best represents these categories ? (a) Social insurance (b) Social welfare (c) Social assistance (d) Social inclusion
1. (a) and (b)
2. (b) and (c)
3. (a) and (c)
4. (c) and (d)
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (3) (a) and (c)
Social security is usually classified into social insurance, funded by contributions from workers and employers, and social assistance, paid by the state to needy people without contributions. So the answer is option (3).
MPSC 2026, question 43प्रश्न 43
Consider the following statements regarding the Public Distribution System (PDS) in Maharashtra. (a) By December 2025, there were 270.48 lakh ration card holders in the state. (b) As of 31 October 2025, 51,636 Fair price shops were functioning in the state. (c) By October 2025, about 1.55 crore families received food grains through Aadhaar - based biometric authentication. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
1. Only (a) and (b)
2. Only (b) and (c)
3. Only (a) and (c)
4. (a), (b) and (c)
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (2) Only (b) and (c)
Per the Economic Survey of Maharashtra figures, about 51,636 fair price shops were working and about 1.55 crore families drew grain through Aadhaar biometric authentication. The official MPSC key gives option (2), treating statement (a) as incorrect.
MPSC 2026, question 44प्रश्न 44
On the basis of Tendulkar Committee estimation, __________% of the rural population and __________% of the urban population was below the poverty line in 2004-05.
1. 41.8 and 25.7
2. 29.8 and 30.5
3. 35.2 and 45.2
4. 47.2 and 35.2
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (1) 41.8 and 25.7
The Tendulkar Committee method put poverty in 2004-05 at 41.8 percent in rural areas and 25.7 percent in urban areas (37.2 percent overall). This is option (1).
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: National Income and Inflation
MPSC 2026, question 45प्रश्न 45
Which of the following are disadvantages of subdivision and fragmentation of land holding ? (a) Wastage of Land (b) Disguised Unemployment (c) Easy to Land Management (d) Low Productivity
1. Only (a), (b) and (c)
2. Only (a), (b) and (d)
3. Only (a) and (d)
4. All of the above
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (2) Only (a), (b) and (d)
Small, scattered plots waste land on boundaries, keep more family members on the farm than needed (disguised unemployment) and lower productivity. They make land harder, not easier, to manage, so the answer is option (2).
MPSC 2026, question 46प्रश्न 46
As pointed out by Tendulkar Committee, the concept of poverty is associated with socially perceived deprivation with respect to basic human needs like __________. (a) the need to be adequately nourished (b) the need to be reasonably sheltered (c) the need to be decently clothed (d) the need to escape avoidable diseases (e) the need to be minimally educated Which of the above point/s is/are correct ?
1. (a), (b) and (c)
2. (b), (c) and (d)
3. (c), (d) and (e)
4. All of the above
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (4) All of the above
The Tendulkar Committee report describes poverty as socially perceived deprivation of basic needs such as being adequately nourished, decently clothed, reasonably sheltered, able to escape avoidable disease and minimally educated. All five points are included, option (4).
MPSC 2026, question 47प्रश्न 47
Which of the following statement/s is/are correct regarding National Food Security Act - 2013 ? (a) Women empowerment is a feature of the National Food Security Act - 2013. (b) State Food Commission is monitoring, reviewing and implementing authority of this Act - 2013.
1. Statement (a) is correct.
2. Statement (b) is correct.
3. Statements (a) and (b) both are incorrect.
4. Statements (a) and (b) both are correct.
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (1) Statement (a) is correct.
The Act promotes women's empowerment by making the eldest woman of the household the head of the family for ration cards. The State Food Commission monitors and reviews implementation but is not the implementing authority, which is the state government, so only (a) is correct, option (1).
MPSC 2026, question 48प्रश्न 48
Consider the following statements : (a) In the overall Capital Stock David Pearce and Jeremy Warford include man-made physical capital, human capital and environmental capital. (b) According to David Pearce and Jeremy Warford, sustainable development implies that man-made physical capital, human capital and environmental capital decrease in the growth process. Which of the statement/s given above is/are correct ?
1. Only (a) is correct.
2. Only (b) is correct.
3. Both (a) and (b) are correct.
4. None of the above
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (1) Only (a) is correct.
Pearce and Warford treat the total capital stock as man-made, human and environmental capital, and define sustainable development as growth in which this total stock does not decline. Statement (b) says the opposite, so only (a) is correct, option (1).
MPSC 2026, question 49प्रश्न 49
Consider the following statements in the context of aims of National Population Policy, 2000. (a) Promote delayed marriage for girls, not earlier than age 18 and preferably after 21 years of age. (b) The long-term objective is to achieve a stable population by 2030. Which of the statement/s given above is/are incorrect ?
1. Only (a) is incorrect.
2. Only (b) is incorrect.
3. Both (a) and (b) are incorrect.
4. None of the above
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (3) Both (a) and (b) are incorrect.
The National Population Policy 2000 aims to delay girls' marriage to not earlier than 18 and preferably after 20 years, not 21, and its long-term goal is a stable population by 2045, not 2030. Both statements are incorrect, option (3).
MPSC 2026, question 50प्रश्न 50
Consider the following statements : (a) Coale and Hoover model related to population growth and economic development in low income countries in the late fifties. (b) Coale and Hoover model suggest that GNP would grow faster under higher fertility. Which of the statement/s given above is/are correct ?
1. Only (a) is correct.
2. Only (b) is correct.
3. Both (a) and (b) are correct.
4. None of the above.
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
MPSC dropped this question from evaluation.MPSC ने इस प्रश्न को मूल्यांकन से हटा दिया।
MPSC cancelled this question in its final answer key (the Marathi version says high income countries while the English says low income). For reference, the 1958 Coale and Hoover study of low-income countries such as India argued that lower fertility would let income grow faster.
MPSC 2026, question 92प्रश्न 92
According to the Economic Survey of India 2025-26 : (a) An increase in immigration control across countries favoured by Indian emigrants may reduce the growth in remittances. (b) Global trade is being increasingly influenced by Geopolitical alignments and economic statecraft. (c) Trade policy at the global level is driven by protectionist and retaliatory tariffs. (d) Geoeconomic factors are now critical determinants in shaping key bilateral trade patterns. Which of the above statement is /are correct ?
1. (a), (b) and (c)
2. (a), (c) and (d)
3. (a) and (d)
4. (a), (b), (c) and (d)
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (4) (a), (b), (c) and (d)
The Economic Survey 2025-26 notes that tighter immigration rules in popular destinations could slow remittance growth, and that global trade is now shaped by geopolitical alignments, economic statecraft, protectionist and retaliatory tariffs, and geoeconomic factors. All four statements are correct, option (4).
MPSC 2025, question 36प्रश्न 36
Identify the correct statement/s from the following regarding Food Security Bill, 2013. A. The Bill provides food safety benefits to the 50% of the urban population and 75% of the rural population. B. Beneficiaries will be provided rice at Rs. 3/-kg, coarse grains at Re. 1/-kg and wheat at Rs. 2/-kg per month.
1. Both A and B are correct
2. Both A and B are incorrect
3. Only A is correct
4. Only B is correct
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (2) Both A and B are incorrect
The National Food Security Act, 2013 covers up to 75 percent of the rural and up to 50 percent of the urban population, with a monthly entitlement of 5 kg of grain per person at Rs 3, Rs 2 and Re 1 per kg. The official MPSC key gives option (2), treating both statements as incorrect as worded.
MPSC 2025, question 39प्रश्न 39
"Economic growth is the increase in output only" whose statement was this ?
1. Prof. Edison
2. Prof. Kindleberger
3. A.D. Gorwala
4. Prof. Joseph Schumpeter
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (2) Prof. Kindleberger
Charles Kindleberger distinguished economic growth, meaning more output, from economic development, which includes more output plus changes in the technical and institutional arrangements of production.
MPSC 2025, question 40प्रश्न 40
Consider the following statements and choose the correct option regarding Indian economy. A. Considering the economic changes in India after globalisation, 'Trickle Down Theory' is precisely applicable to Indian economy. B. The high growth rate of Indian economy after globalisation, especially since 2005, poses question about applicability of the 'Trickle Down Theory'.
1. Statement A is correct
2. Statement B is correct
3. Both statements A and B are correct
4. Both statements A and B are incorrect
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (2) Statement B is correct
The trickle down theory assumes that the benefits of high growth automatically reach the poor. India's high growth after globalisation was accompanied by persistent inequality and slow job creation, which questions this theory, so only statement B is correct.
MPSC 2025, question 41प्रश्न 41
"About 40% of the population of the developing world did not benefit from economic growth during the 1950's and 1960's." Who made this statement ?
1. Robert McNamara
2. Robert Clover
3. Charles Kindleberger
4. Jean Dreze
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (1) Robert McNamara
As World Bank President, Robert McNamara argued in the early 1970s that roughly 40 percent of people in developing countries had not shared in the growth of the 1950s and 1960s, which led the Bank to focus on poverty. The official MPSC key gives option (1).
MPSC 2025, question 43प्रश्न 43
Which of the following is/are reason/s for the existence of poverty even after seven decades of Independence in India ? A. More dependency of Economy on the agricultural sector. B. Shortage of employment opportunities in manufacturing sector. C. High growth rate of agriculture in comparison with developed countries.
1. Statements A and C are correct
2. Statements A and B are correct
3. Only statement A is correct
4. Only statement B is correct
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (2) Statements A and B are correct
Heavy dependence on low-productivity agriculture and too few jobs in manufacturing keep many Indians poor. A high agricultural growth rate would reduce poverty rather than cause it, so only A and B are reasons.
MPSC 2025, question 44प्रश्न 44
Program/s implemented under the Integrated Child Development Services Scheme ______. A. Nutrition supplemental program B. Health check-up C. Worker's training D. Gender inequality
1. Only A, C
2. Only C, D
3. Only A, B
4. A, B and C
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (3) Only A, B
The ICDS package for children and mothers includes supplementary nutrition, immunisation, health check-ups, referral services, pre-school education and nutrition and health education. The official MPSC key gives option (3), only A and B.
MPSC 2025, question 47प्रश्न 47
Which of the following statement/s is/are correct in relation to India's National Population Policy, 2000 ? A. Stabilizing the population of the country by 2050 with maximum two children norm. B. Universal immunization. C. Reduction of infant mortality rate below 30% per thousand.
1. Statements A, B and C are correct
2. Statements A and C are correct
3. Only statement A is correct
4. Only statement B is correct
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (4) Only statement B is correct
Universal immunisation of children is one of the goals of the National Population Policy, 2000. Its long-term aim was a stable population by 2045, not 2050, and its IMR target was below 30 per 1000 live births, so the key gives only statement B.
MPSC 2025, question 48प्रश्न 48
A ceiling on agricultural holdings means statutory absolute limit on the amount of land which an individual can hold. The imposition of a ceiling has which of the following two aspects ? a. Ceiling on future acquisition b. Ceiling on consolidating land holding c. Ceiling on existing land holding d. Ceiling on conversion
1. a and b
2. b and c
3. c and d
4. a and c
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
MPSC dropped this question from evaluation.MPSC ने इस प्रश्न को मूल्यांकन से हटा दिया।
MPSC cancelled this question. In Indian land reforms, a ceiling on land holdings is generally described as applying both to existing holdings and to future acquisitions of land.
MPSC 2025, question 49प्रश्न 49
Consider the following statements : A. Gender Development Index is a composite index of health, education, empowerment and labour market. B. When the above four factors are considered together, inequality in women and men has adverse impact on Human Development Index.
1. Only A is correct
2. Only B is correct
3. Both A and B are correct
4. Both A and B are incorrect
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (3) Both A and B are correct
The official MPSC key gives option (3), treating both statements as correct. Gender-based indices bring together dimensions such as health, education, empowerment and labour market participation, and inequality between women and men lowers a country's achievement in human development.
MPSC 2025, question 50प्रश्न 50
Which of the following was the main objective of the 20 point programme announced on 26 June, 1975 ? A. To improve the standard of living. B. To help the people living below the poverty line (Poverty alleviation).
1. Only A is correct
2. Only B is correct
3. Both A and B are correct
4. None of the above
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (3) Both A and B are correct
The Twenty Point Programme launched in 1975 aimed at poverty alleviation and at improving the quality of life of the poor, so both objectives are correct.
MPSC 2024, question 21प्रश्न 21
Match the correct pairs of census year and death rate in India : Year : Death rate (Per 1000) (a) 1981 : (i) 15 (b) 1991 : (ii) 11 (c) 2001 : (iii) 08 (d) 2011 : (iv) 07
1. (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
2. (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii)
3. (a)-(i), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(ii)
4. (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (1) (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
India's death rate has fallen steadily decade after decade, from about 15 per thousand around 1981 to about 7 per thousand around 2011. Matching the falling figures to the years in order gives option (1), which is the official MPSC key.
MPSC 2024, question 27प्रश्न 27
Through which of the following factors the fisheries development program is implemented effectively ? (a) The Fishery Survey of India. (b) National fisheries development board. (c) Development of fishing harbours. (d) Meat Marketing.
1. (a), (b)
2. (a), (b), (d)
3. (a), (b), (c)
4. (c), (d)
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (3) (a), (b), (c)
Fisheries development is carried out through bodies such as the Fishery Survey of India and the National Fisheries Development Board, along with building fishing harbours and landing centres. Meat marketing is not part of the fisheries programme, so option (3) is correct.
MPSC 2024, question 37प्रश्न 37
What percentage of the rate of price increase was required to be kept as per the objectives of the 12th Five Year Plan ?
1. 4.5 to 5.0%
2. 3.5 to 5.0%
3. 4.0 to 5.0%
4. 4.5 to 5.5%
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (1) 4.5 to 5.0%
The official MPSC key gives option (1): among its targets, the 12th Five Year Plan (2012-17) aimed to hold inflation, measured by the wholesale price index, at around 4.5 to 5.0 percent.
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: National Income and Inflation
MPSC 2024, question 38प्रश्न 38
To study the problems of India in the year 1995 __________ committee was formed under the chairmanship of Dr. Abid Hussain.
1. Education
2. Agriculture
3. Large Industry
4. Small Industry
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (4) Small Industry
The Abid Hussain Committee (report 1997) was the expert committee on small enterprises, set up to study the problems of the small-scale industry sector. So option (4) is correct.
MPSC 2024, question 39प्रश्न 39
The Employees Provident Fund Act was made in __________.
1. 1950
2. 1952
3. 1960
4. 1981
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (2) 1952
The Employees' Provident Funds Act was enacted in 1952 (later renamed the Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act). So option (2) is correct.
MPSC 2024, question 40प्रश्न 40
Perspective Planning refers __________. (a) Long run planning for 20 to 25 years. (b) Long range targets are set in-advance for a period of 15, 20 or 25 years. (c) One plan for entire period of 15 to 20 years. (d) Broader Objectives and targets are achieved within one or two years.
1. only (b)
2. only (a)
3. (a) and (c)
4. (c) and (d)
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (1) only (b)
In perspective planning, long-range targets are fixed in advance for a period such as 15, 20 or 25 years, and these are then worked out through shorter five-year and annual plans. It is not a single plan for the whole period, so the official MPSC key gives only (b), option (1).
MPSC 2024, question 41प्रश्न 41
Education for women reduses fertility due to __________. (a) Education improves work opportunity for women. (b) Educated women want their own children to be educated. (c) Education and literacy make women more receptive to information about contraception (d) Improving economic condition of women.
1. (a) and (b)
2. Only (c)
3. (b) and (d)
4. (c) and (d)
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (2) Only (c)
The official MPSC key gives only (c), option (2). The direct link it accepts is that educated, literate women are more aware of and receptive to information about contraception and family planning, which lowers fertility.
MPSC 2024, question 42प्रश्न 42
Food security includes following stages : (a) Adequate availability of food grains to all. (b) Adequate availability of food grains and pulses to all. (c) Adequate availability of food grains, pulses, milk and vegetables to all. (d) Adequate availability of food grains, pulses, milk products, vegetables, fruits, meat and fish etc.
1. Only (d)
2. (a) and (b)
3. (a), (b) and (c)
4. (a), (b), (c) and (d)
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (4) (a), (b), (c) and (d)
Food security is seen as developing in stages, from adequate cereals for all, to cereals and pulses, then adding milk and vegetables, and finally a full diet with fruits, meat and fish. All four stages are included, so option (4) is correct.
MPSC 2024, question 43प्रश्न 43
According to Gunnar Mirdal the role of Govt. in economic development should be as follows : (a) Effecting the spread effect by neutralizing backward effect. (b) Neutralizing spread effect by effecting the backward effect. (c) Effecting spread effect and backward effect. (d) Neutralizing spread effect and backward effect.
1. Only (a)
2. (a) and (c)
3. (b) and (c)
4. (c) and (d)
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (1) Only (a)
Gunnar Myrdal argued that growth in advanced regions creates backwash effects that harm backward regions, and spread effects that help them. The state should counter the backwash effects and strengthen the spread effects, so only (a) is correct.
MPSC 2024, question 44प्रश्न 44
Gaurav Dutt and Martin Ravalin said that Poverty Gap Index is calculated for which of the following reasons ?
1. How much calories deficit needs to be made up to eliminate poverty ?
2. How much income would be needed to cover the deficit to eliminate poverty ?
3. How much increase in per capita income will be required to eliminate poverty ?
4. None of these
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (2) How much income would be needed to cover the deficit to eliminate poverty ?
The poverty gap index measures how far, on average, the poor fall below the poverty line, and so shows how much income would be needed to fill that shortfall and lift everyone out of poverty. So option (2) is correct.
MPSC 2024, question 46प्रश्न 46
Relative poverty depends on following factors : (a) The human body needs calories every day. (b) Income is necessary to meet basic needs. (c) Comparing two income groups, the lower income group comes in poverty. (d) Poverty is the condition of not being able to meet the basic needs.
1. only (c)
2. (a) and (b)
3. only (d)
4. (a) and (d)
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (1) only (c)
Relative poverty is judged by comparing the incomes of different groups, so the group with lower income is regarded as poor relative to the others. Calorie needs and inability to meet basic needs describe absolute poverty, so only (c) is correct.
MPSC 2024, question 47प्रश्न 47
According to Higins Population growth can be __________. (a) A motivator for autonomous investment in developed countries. (b) A motivator for induced investment in under-developed countries. (c) A motivator for only induced investment in developed countries. (d) Demotivate for autonomous investment in a developed countries.
1. (a) and (b)
2. only (d)
3. only (a)
4. (b) and (c)
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (3) only (a)
Benjamin Higgins held that in developed countries population growth acts as a stimulus to autonomous investment, while in underdeveloped countries it does not have this stimulating effect. So the official MPSC key gives only (a), option (3).
MPSC 2024, question 48प्रश्न 48
The largest share of allocation in the Seventh Five Year Plan went to the :
1. Agriculture and Communication Sector
2. Industrial and Communication Sector
3. Energy Sector
4. Transport and Communication Sector
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (3) Energy Sector
In the Seventh Five Year Plan (1985-90), the energy sector received the largest share of public sector outlay, about 28 percent. So option (3) is correct.
MPSC 2024, question 49प्रश्न 49
Who has criticized that economics is a Kuber worshiping science ?
1. Ricardo and Malthus
2. Keneys and Karl Marks
3. Karlail and Raskin
4. Chamberlein and Robinsons
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (3) Karlail and Raskin
Thomas Carlyle and John Ruskin attacked classical economics as a science of wealth that worshipped Mammon (Kuber), calling it a 'dismal science' and a 'bread and butter science'. So option (3) is correct.
MPSC 2024, question 50प्रश्न 50
In a Society where the income distribution is excessive __________ the handful individual there has unlimited money.
1. Equality
2. Asymmetry
3. Deficiency
4. Abundance
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (2) Asymmetry
When income distribution is extremely unequal (asymmetric), a handful of people hold enormous wealth. So option (2) is correct.
MPSC 2023, question 46प्रश्न 46
Which of the following major policy interventions are the part of the land reforms in India ? a. Abolition of intermediaries b. Tenancy reforms c. Fixing ceilings on land holdings d. Consolidation of land holdings
1. a, b and c
2. b, c and d
3. a, b and d
4. All of the above
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (4) All of the above
India's land reform programme after 1950 had four main parts: abolition of zamindari and other intermediaries, tenancy reforms, ceilings on landholdings and consolidation of fragmented holdings. So option (4).
MPSC 2023, question 47प्रश्न 47
Who are the beneficiaries of Annapurna Yojana ?
1. School girls
2. Casual labours
3. Senior citizens who are not under National Old Age Pension Scheme
4. Retired soldiers
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (3) Senior citizens who are not under National Old Age Pension Scheme
The Annapurna Scheme (2000-01) gives 10 kg of free foodgrains a month to needy senior citizens who are eligible for but not covered under the National Old Age Pension Scheme. So option (3).
MPSC 2023, question 48प्रश्न 48
Balanced growth rate aims at
1. equality between growth rate of income, growth rate of output and growth rate of natural resources
2. equality between growth rate of income and growth rate of population
3. equality between growth rate of natural resources and growth rate of income
4. equality between growth rate of natural resources and growth rate of population
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (1) equality between growth rate of income, growth rate of output and growth rate of natural resources
A balanced (steady) growth path is one where income, output and the resources used grow together at the same rate. The official MPSC key gives option (1).
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: National Income and Inflation
MPSC 2023, question 49प्रश्न 49
Urbanization means a. Centralization of population in the cities b. Decentralization of population in the cities c. Centralization of population in villages d. Increase in density of population
1. Only a
2. Only a and b
3. Only a and d
4. All of the above
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (1) Only a
Urbanization is the process by which a growing share of the population becomes concentrated in towns and cities. The official MPSC key accepts only statement a, option (1).
MPSC 2023, question 50प्रश्न 50
Which of the following statements about Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) is not correct ?
1. AMRUT is flagship mission of Government of India
2. It was launched by Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
3. It addresses the challenges of water supply in cities across the country
4. It was launched on 25th June, 2015 in 500 cities in the country
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (3) It addresses the challenges of water supply in cities across the country
AMRUT is a flagship urban mission launched on 25 June 2015 by the Union urban ministry for 500 selected cities, so it did not cover cities across the whole country. The official MPSC key marks statement (3) as the incorrect one.
MPSC 2023, question 51प्रश्न 51
If deprivation score of a household is ______ percent or greater, then that household is called multidimensionally poor.
1. 20.33
2. 50.33
3. 40.33
4. 33.3
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (4) 33.3
In the Multidimensional Poverty Index (Alkire-Foster method), a household deprived in at least one-third (33.33 per cent) of the weighted indicators is counted as multidimensionally poor. So option (4).
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: National Income and Inflation
MPSC 2023, question 52प्रश्न 52
Since July 1991, comprehensive liberalization measures have been undertaken to improve the supply side of the economy. Among these the more important are : a. Trade and capital flows reforms b. Industrial deregulation c. Disinvestment and Public Enterprises Reforms d. Financial sector reforms
1. a and b
2. c and d
3. a, b and c
4. a, b, c and d
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (4) a, b, c and d
The 1991 reforms covered trade and capital-flow liberalisation, industrial delicensing and deregulation, disinvestment and public enterprise reform, and financial sector reform. All four are correct, option (4).
MPSC 2023, question 53प्रश्न 53
The long-term objectives of economic planning, as spelt out in various plan documents have been as follows : a. Economic growth, self-reliance b. Removal of unemployment, reduction in income inequalities c. Elimination of poverty, modernization d. Inclusiveness and sustainability of growth
1. a only
2. b only
3. c only
4. a, b, c and d
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (4) a, b, c and d
India's Five Year Plans set growth, self-reliance, full employment, reduction of inequality, removal of poverty and modernisation as long-term aims, and the 11th and 12th Plans added inclusive and sustainable growth. All four apply, option (4).
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: Budget and Fiscal Terms
MPSC 2023, question 54प्रश्न 54
The formulation and success of a plan require the following : a. Planning Commission, Statistical data, Objectives b. Fixation of Targets and Priorities, Mobilisation of Resources c. Incorrupt and Efficient Administration, Proper Development Policy d. Economy in Administration, Education base
1. a only
2. a and b
3. a, b and c
4. a, b, c and d
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (4) a, b, c and d
Successful planning needs a planning authority with reliable data and clear objectives, set targets and priorities with resources mobilised, an honest and efficient administration with a sound development policy, and economy in administration backed by an educated public. All four are listed by the key, option (4).
MPSC 2023, question 55प्रश्न 55
'A country is poor, because it is poor' this statement is of
1. G. Myrdal
2. Ragnar Nurks
3. Robbins
4. Marshall
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (2) Ragnar Nurks
Ragnar Nurkse described the 'vicious circle of poverty', summing it up as 'a country is poor because it is poor'. So option (2).
MPSC 2023, question 56प्रश्न 56
Balanced growth theory requires balance between a. Consumer goods and industrial goods b. Capital goods and industrial goods c. Agricultural sector and industrial sector d. All sectors in the economy
1. Only a
2. Only c
3. Only d
4. Only a and b
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (3) Only d
The balanced growth theory of Nurkse and Rosenstein-Rodan calls for simultaneous, balanced investment across all sectors of the economy so that they create demand for one another. So option (3).
MPSC 2023, question 57प्रश्न 57
According to Schumpeter, a. Development is a discontinuous and spontaneous change in the stationary state. b. While growth is a gradual and steady change in the long run which, comes about by a gradual increase in the rate of savings and population. Which of the statement above is/are correct ?
1. a only
2. b only
3. a and b
4. None of the above
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (3) a and b
Schumpeter distinguished development, a discontinuous and spontaneous change in the stationary state driven by innovation, from growth, a gradual long-run change from steady increases in savings and population. Both statements are his, option (3).
MPSC 2023, question 58प्रश्न 58
Rangarajan Committee, 2014 defined poverty line for 2011 - 12 at Rs. ______ per capita per day consumption expenditure for urban areas and Rs. ______ per capita per day for rural areas.
1. Rs. 50 and Rs. 35
2. Rs. 47 and Rs. 32
3. Rs. 55 and Rs. 40
4. Rs. 60 and Rs. 45
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (2) Rs. 47 and Rs. 32
The Rangarajan Committee (2014) put the 2011-12 poverty line at about Rs. 47 per person per day in urban areas and Rs. 32 in rural areas. So option (2).
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: National Income and Inflation
MPSC 2023, question 59प्रश्न 59
In 2014, the Government implemented which of the following Scheme for financial inclusion ?
1. Demonetization Scheme
2. Property Disclosure Scheme
3. Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana
4. All of the above
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (3) Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana
Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana, launched on 28 August 2014, is the national mission for financial inclusion that opens basic bank accounts for the unbanked. Demonetisation came only in 2016, so option (3).
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: Economic Institutions of India
MPSC 2023, question 60प्रश्न 60
What is meant by Gender Budget ?
1. Separate budget for men
2. Separate budget for women
3. Independent provisions for men in the general budget
4. Independent provisions for women in the general budget
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (4) Independent provisions for women in the general budget
Gender budgeting is not a separate budget; it identifies and earmarks provisions for women within the general budget, shown in India's Gender Budget Statement since 2005-06. So option (4).
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: Budget and Fiscal Terms
MPSC 2023, question 82प्रश्न 82
Which of the following are the objectives of the 'SVAMITVA' Scheme ? A. Ensure financial stability to villagers by letting them use their property to take loans. B. Create precise land records for urban planning and implementation. C. Lessen property related disputes. D. Determine property tax.
1. Only A
2. B, C and D
3. A, C and D
4. All of the above
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (3) A, C and D
SVAMITVA (2020) uses drone surveys to give rural households property cards, so they can use property as collateral for loans, property disputes fall, and panchayats can assess property tax. Its land records are for rural (gram panchayat) planning, not urban planning, so option (3).
MPSC 2022, question 21प्रश्न 21
Given the importance of supply side factors in determination of inflation in India, following long-term policies are likely to help. (a) Changing production patterns (b) Calibrated import policy (c) Focus on transportation (d) Storage infrastructure for perishable commodities Which of the above options is/are correct ?
1. Only (a) and (b)
2. Only (b) and (c)
3. Only (c) and (d)
4. All of the above
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (4) All of the above
Supply-side inflation is eased by raising and diversifying output, using imports to fill shortages, improving transport and building storage for perishables such as vegetables. All four help, option (4).
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: National Income and Inflation
MPSC 2022, question 22प्रश्न 22
Which factor is not considered while calculating Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) ?
1. Life expectancy
2. Per capita income
3. Infant mortality
4. Literacy
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (2) Per capita income
The PQLI, devised by Morris D. Morris, is built from three indicators only: life expectancy (at age one), infant mortality and basic literacy. Per capita income is deliberately left out, so the answer is option (2).
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: National Income and Inflation
MPSC 2022, question 23प्रश्न 23
Which of the following statements are correct about the Total Poverty Gap (TPG) ?
1. TPG measures the total amount of income necessary to raise everyone below poverty line up to that line.
2. TPG is the number of those whose incomes fall below absolute poverty line.
3. TPG measures the share of total national income that each factor of production receives.
4. TPG measures the relative degree of income inequality in a country.
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (1) TPG measures the total amount of income necessary to raise everyone below poverty line up to that line.
The total poverty gap adds up how far each poor person's income falls short of the poverty line, so it is the total income needed to lift everyone below the line up to it. The head count is a different measure. Option (1).
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: National Income and Inflation
MPSC 2022, question 24प्रश्न 24
Which of the following programmes have been supported by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) along with Government of India for poverty reduction and livelihoods promotion ? (a) Affordable Rural Housing for All (b) Improving Efficiency of Health Care System in Multiple States (2013 - 2017) (c) Governance and Accelerated Livelihoods Support (GOALS) (2013 - 2017) (d) Strengthening National Capacities in Tribal Areas (2013 - 2017)
1. Only (a)
2. (a), (b) and (c)
3. (b), (c) and (d)
4. All of the above
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (4) All of the above
All four were listed among the UNDP and Government of India projects on poverty reduction and livelihoods in the 2013 to 2017 country programme. The official MPSC key gives option (4), all of the above.
MPSC 2022, question 25प्रश्न 25
Government of Maharashtra has adopted gender budgeting from the year ________.
1. 2011
2. 2015
3. 2013
4. 2019
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (3) 2013
The official MPSC key gives 2013 as the year from which the Maharashtra government adopted gender budgeting, option (3).
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: Budget and Fiscal Terms
MPSC 2022, question 26प्रश्न 26
Which of the following States had the lowest child sex ratio in 2011 ?
1. Karnataka
2. Maharashtra
3. Kerala
4. Madhya Pradesh
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (2) Maharashtra
In Census 2011 Maharashtra's child sex ratio (0 to 6 years) was about 894 girls per 1000 boys, lower than that of Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh and Kerala. Option (2).
MPSC 2022, question 27प्रश्न 27
Which of the following, according to the World Bank, are critical issues to be addressed in India's urbanisation ? (a) Poor local governance (b) Weak finances (c) Inappropriate planning leading to high costs (d) Rapidly deteriorating environment
1. Only (a) and (b)
2. (a), (c) and (d)
3. All of the above
4. None of the above
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (3) All of the above
The World Bank's review of India's urbanisation named weak local governance, weak municipal finances, poor planning that raises costs, and a fast-worsening urban environment as the key issues. All four apply, option (3).
MPSC 2022, question 28प्रश्न 28
Which of the following is/are applicable to Gender Inequality Index (GII) ? (a) It provides insights into gender disparities in health, empowerment and the labour market. (b) Higher values in the GII indicate worse achievements. (c) The empowerment dimension is partly measured by the share of parliamentary seats held by each gender.
1. Only (a) and (b)
2. Only (b)
3. None of the above
4. All of the above
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (4) All of the above
UNDP's Gender Inequality Index covers reproductive health, empowerment and labour market participation; a higher value means greater inequality; and empowerment is measured partly by each sex's share of parliamentary seats. All three are correct, option (4).
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: National Income and Inflation
MPSC 2022, question 31प्रश्न 31
Goal-wise performance of India by NITI Aayog SDG India Index Report (2020 - 21) reveals that _________ . (a) India's overall score improved to 66 in 2020 - 21 from 60 in 2019 - 20 and 57 in 2018 - 19. (b) Despite 2020 - 21 being a pandemic year, India performed well on eight of the 15 SDGs. Which of the above options is/are correct ?
1. Only (a)
2. Only (b)
3. Both the options
4. None of the options
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (3) Both the options
The SDG India Index 3.0 (2020-21) put India's composite score at 66, up from 60 in 2019-20 and 57 in 2018-19. The official MPSC key accepts both statements, option (3).
MPSC 2022, question 32प्रश्न 32
Which of the following statements is/are true about Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) achievements in India ? (a) India has achieved the poverty reduction in an even manner. (b) India was on-track to achieve the hunger target after the 2015 deadline. (c) Empowering women remains a major development challenge.
1. Only (b) and (c)
2. All of the above
3. Only (a) and (b)
4. Only (a) and (c)
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (1) Only (b) and (c)
India met the MDG poverty target nationally but unevenly across states, so (a) is wrong; it was expected to reach the hunger target only after 2015, and women's empowerment remained a major gap. So (b) and (c), option (1).
MPSC 2022, question 35प्रश्न 35
National Policy on Voluntary Sector (2007) covers which of the following voluntary organizations ? (a) Formal and Informal Groups (b) Community-based organizations (c) Charitable organizations (d) Support organizations
1. Only (c)
2. Only (a) and (b)
3. Only (a), (b) and (c)
4. All of the above
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (4) All of the above
The 2007 National Policy on the Voluntary Sector defines voluntary organisations broadly, covering formal and informal groups, community-based organisations, charitable bodies, support organisations and networks. All four are covered, option (4).
MPSC 2022, question 77प्रश्न 77
How much tax would be imposed on Cryptocurrency, as declared by the Central Finance Minister, Nirmala Sitharaman in the Budget 2022 - 23 ?
1. 20% tax plus cess
2. 25% tax plus cess
3. 30% tax plus cess
4. 35% tax plus cess
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (3) 30% tax plus cess
The Union Budget 2022-23 announced a flat 30 percent tax (plus cess and surcharge) on income from the transfer of virtual digital assets such as cryptocurrency, along with 1 percent TDS. Option (3).
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: Budget and Fiscal Terms

Questions and answer keys are published by the Maharashtra Public Service Commission (mpsc.gov.in). Explanations are written by IndiaDigital; if one looks wrong, use the report link under it.प्रश्न और उत्तर-कुंजियाँ महाराष्ट्र लोक सेवा आयोग (mpsc.gov.in) द्वारा प्रकाशित हैं। व्याख्याएँ IndiaDigital ने लिखी हैं; कोई गलत लगे तो उसके नीचे दिए लिंक से बताइए।

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