MPSC prelims Environment: previous year questionsMPSC प्रीलिम्स पर्यावरण: पिछले वर्षों के प्रश्न

34 questions from the prelims papers of 2022 to 2026, newest first. Read the question, try it, then open the answer: it comes from the official MPSC answer key, with a short explanation.2022 से 2026 तक के प्रीलिम्स पेपरों से 34 प्रश्न, नए पहले। प्रश्न पढ़िए, हल कीजिए, फिर उत्तर खोलिए: वह आधिकारिक MPSC उत्तर-कुंजी से है, साथ में छोटी व्याख्या।

MPSC 2026, question 31प्रश्न 31
Which of the following statement/s is/are related to Montreal Protocol ? (a) Reduction of the Production and Consumption of ozone depleting Chloro-Fluoro-Carbons (CFCs) in order to check depletion of ozone layer. (b) Work for the protection of the earth and its environment, maintenance of ecological balance and to enrich biodiversity. (c) Study of pollution at pole.
1. Only (a)
2. Only (b)
3. (a) and (c)
4. All of the above
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (1) Only (a)
The Montreal Protocol of 1987 is a treaty to phase out the production and use of ozone-depleting substances such as CFCs. It does not deal with general biodiversity or polar pollution studies, so the answer is option (1).
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: International Environment Agreements
MPSC 2026, question 32प्रश्न 32
Assertion (A) : An ecosystem is a natural resource system. Reason (R) : An ecosystem is a single concept in which the physical environment (Physical or Inorganic Factors) and biotic factors (Humans, animals, microorganisms and plants) live together in a single framework. Which one of the following is correct ?
1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false but (R) is true.
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
An ecosystem works as a natural resource system precisely because its non-living physical factors and its living organisms interact within one unit. So both statements are true and (R) explains (A), option (1).
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: Basic Ecology Terms
MPSC 2026, question 33प्रश्न 33
Which of the following statement/s is/are not correct ? (a) UN conference on Environment and Development was held at Montreal in 1992. (b) Bruntland Report, 1987 was related with UN second conference at Nairobi. (c) The aim of the Kyoto Protocol was to address the problems of anthropogenic climate change.
1. Only statement (a)
2. Only statement (b)
3. Statements (a) and (b)
4. Statements (a), (b) and (c)
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (3) Statements (a) and (b)
The 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development was held at Rio de Janeiro, not Montreal, and the 1987 Brundtland Report (Our Common Future) came from the World Commission on Environment and Development, not a Nairobi conference. The Kyoto Protocol did target human-caused climate change, so (a) and (b) are the incorrect ones, option (3).
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: International Environment Agreements
MPSC 2026, question 34प्रश्न 34
Arrange the following major greenhouse gases in descending order according to the percentage of their contribution to global warming.
1. Carbon dioxide, Methane, Nitrous oxide, Fluorinated Gases
2. Carbon dioxide, Methane, Fluorinated Gases, Nitrous oxide
3. Methane, Carbon dioxide, Nitrous oxide, Fluorinated Gases
4. Methane, Nitrous oxide, Fluorinated Gases, Carbon dioxide
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (1) Carbon dioxide, Methane, Nitrous oxide, Fluorinated Gases
Carbon dioxide makes the largest contribution to global warming, followed by methane, then nitrous oxide, with fluorinated gases contributing the smallest share. This is option (1).
MPSC 2026, question 35प्रश्न 35
Who laid the concept of Biome ?
1. McNaughton and Wolff (1932)
2. F. Clements (1916)
3. A.G. Tansley (1974)
4. E.H. Heckel (1933)
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (2) F. Clements (1916)
The American ecologist Frederic Clements developed the biome idea of large plant and animal communities in the early twentieth century. The official MPSC key gives option (2), F. Clements (1916).
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: Basic Ecology Terms
MPSC 2025, question 17प्रश्न 17
Match the following. Biosphere Reserve : Establishment Year a. Nilgiri : I. 2011 b. Sundarban : II. 2008 c. Kutch : III. 1989 d. Panna : IV. 1986
1. a-I, b-II, c-III, d-IV
2. a-IV, b-III, c-II, d-I
3. a-II, b-III, c-IV, d-I
4. a-III, b-IV, c-I, d-II
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (2) a-IV, b-III, c-II, d-I
Nilgiri was India's first biosphere reserve (1986), Sundarban was declared in 1989, Great Rann of Kutch in 2008 and Panna in 2011. So a-IV, b-III, c-II, d-I.
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: Biosphere Reserves of India
MPSC 2025, question 31प्रश्न 31
Match the pollutants given in List - I with their effects given in List - II. List - I Pollutants : List - II Effects of Pollutants a. Phosphate fertilizers in water : i. Biochemical oxygen demand level increase b. Methane in air : ii. Acid Rain c. Synthetic detergents in water : iii. Global warming d. Nitrogen oxides in air : iv. Eutrophication
1. a-ii, b-i, c-iv, d-iii
2. a-iv, b-iii, c-i, d-ii
3. a-iii, b-ii, c-iv, d-i
4. a-i, b-iii, c-ii, d-iv
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (2) a-iv, b-iii, c-i, d-ii
Phosphate fertilizers feed algal blooms (eutrophication), methane is a greenhouse gas causing global warming, detergents add organic load that raises BOD, and nitrogen oxides form nitric acid in acid rain. So a-iv, b-iii, c-i, d-ii.
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: Pollution and Health
MPSC 2025, question 32प्रश्न 32
Which of the following animal is not declared as a critically endangered species of reptile and amphibian of India ?
1. Gharial
2. Bengal Florican
3. Four-toed River Terrapin
4. Leatherback turtles
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (2) Bengal Florican
The Bengal Florican is a critically endangered bird (a bustard), not a reptile or amphibian. The gharial, four-toed river terrapin and leatherback turtle are reptiles listed among India's threatened species.
MPSC 2025, question 33प्रश्न 33
Which of the following acronyms has been used by Biologists to describe the factors that threaten to biodiversity ?
1. EIA
2. IUCN
3. EPA
4. HIPPO
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (4) HIPPO
Biologist E. O. Wilson popularised HIPPO for the main threats to biodiversity: Habitat loss, Invasive species, Pollution, human Population growth and Over-harvesting.
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: Basic Ecology Terms
MPSC 2025, question 34प्रश्न 34
Which of the following is an example of a renewable energy resource ?
1. Rock-Coal
2. Mineral Oil/Petroleum
3. Natural Gas
4. Geothermal energy
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (4) Geothermal energy
Geothermal energy comes from the earth's internal heat, which is continuously replenished, so it is renewable. Coal, petroleum and natural gas are fossil fuels that are exhaustible.
MPSC 2025, question 35प्रश्न 35
As per the Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008, the ______ shall be the nodal Ministry to deal with the transboundary movement of the hazardous wastes and to grant permission for transit of the hazardous wastes through any part of India.
1. Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India
2. Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India
3. Ministry of External Affairs, Govt. of India
4. Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Govt. of India
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (1) Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India
Under the Hazardous Waste Rules, 2008, framed under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, the Ministry of Environment and Forests is the nodal ministry for transboundary movement and transit of hazardous wastes.
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: Environment Laws of India
MPSC 2025, question 37प्रश्न 37
The term sustainable development first came into prominence in the World Conservation Strategy presented in ______.
1. 1980
2. 1987
3. 1990
4. 1992
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (1) 1980
The World Conservation Strategy, released in 1980 by IUCN with UNEP and WWF, first gave prominence to the term sustainable development. The Brundtland Report that popularised its definition came later, in 1987.
MPSC 2025, question 42प्रश्न 42
Which one of the following National Mission was not included in the National Climate Action Program ?
1. National Solar Mission
2. National Sustainable Habitat Mission
3. National Water Mission
4. National Health Mission
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (4) National Health Mission
The National Action Plan on Climate Change (2008) has eight missions, including the Solar, Sustainable Habitat and Water Missions. The National Health Mission is a health programme and is not one of them.
MPSC 2024, question 31प्रश्न 31
Which geological evidence supports the notion that climate change is a natural and continuous process ?
1. Tree rings in high altitudes
2. Glacial advances and retreats
3. Sediment deposits in glacial lakes
4. All of the above
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (4) All of the above
Tree rings, the record of glaciers advancing and retreating, and layered sediments in glacial lakes all preserve evidence of past climate changes that happened without human influence. So all three support the idea, option (4).
MPSC 2024, question 32प्रश्न 32
Consider the following statements. (a) High latitudes generally have greater biodiversity than low latitudes. (b) Biodiversity is generally greater at lower altitude than at higher altitude on mountain slopes. Which of the above statement/statements is/are correct ?
1. Only (a)
2. Only (b)
3. Both (a) and (b)
4. Neither (a) nor (b)
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (2) Only (b)
Biodiversity generally decreases from the equator towards the poles, so low latitudes are richer, and statement (a) is wrong. It also usually declines with increasing altitude on mountains, so statement (b) is correct.
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: Basic Ecology Terms
MPSC 2024, question 33प्रश्न 33
Government of India has established system of Air quality, Weather forecasting and Research (SAFAR) in which of the following four cities for research on air quality assessment, weather forecasting ?
1. Delhi, Pune, Ahmedabad, Mumbai
2. Delhi, Chennai, Mumbai, Kolkata
3. Delhi, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Chennai
4. Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (1) Delhi, Pune, Ahmedabad, Mumbai
SAFAR, run by the Ministry of Earth Sciences through IITM Pune, was set up for the metro cities of Delhi, Pune, Mumbai and Ahmedabad. So option (1) is correct.
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: Pollution and Health
MPSC 2024, question 34प्रश्न 34
Consider the following statements regarding global warming : (a) Anaerobic Methane is emitted with rice cultivation. (b) When nitrogen - based fertilizers are used, nitrous oxide is released into the soil. Which of the above statement/statements is/are correct ?
1. Only (a)
2. Only (b)
3. Both (a) and (b)
4. Neither (a) nor (b)
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (1) Only (a)
Flooded paddy fields create anaerobic conditions in which bacteria produce methane, so (a) is correct. Nitrous oxide from nitrogen fertilizers is released from the soil into the atmosphere, not into the soil, so (b) as worded is wrong and the official MPSC key gives option (1).
MPSC 2024, question 35प्रश्न 35
PAN (Peroxyacetyl nitrate) is formed as a result of following interaction :
1. Nitrogen oxide and sulfer dioxide
2. Carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds
3. Nitrogen Oxide and hydrocarbons
4. Ozone and particulate matter
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (3) Nitrogen Oxide and hydrocarbons
PAN is a secondary pollutant of photochemical smog, formed when nitrogen oxides react with hydrocarbons in the presence of sunlight. So option (3) is correct.
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: Pollution and Health
MPSC 2024, question 36प्रश्न 36
__________ development is prioritized over environment degradation in energy generation.
1. Human
2. Cultural
3. Political
4. Social
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (1) Human
The official MPSC key gives option (1), human development. The idea is that energy generation is pursued mainly to meet human needs and welfare, and this is often given more weight than the environmental damage it causes.
MPSC 2023, question 16प्रश्न 16
Observe the following statements : A. There is loss of bio-diversity due to dumping of toxic waste into soil. B. Deforestation is responsible for frequent floods in river. C. Fransisco Mendez was known as 'Amazon Gandhi' due to his work in energy field.
1. Only statement C is correct
2. Only statement A is correct
3. Only statement A and B are correct
4. Statement A, B and C are correct
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (3) Only statement A and B are correct
Toxic waste in soil harms living organisms and reduces biodiversity, and loss of forest cover increases runoff and flooding. Francisco 'Chico' Mendes was a Brazilian rubber tapper who fought to protect the Amazon forest, not an energy worker, so C is wrong and option (3) is correct.
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: Basic Ecology Terms
MPSC 2023, question 17प्रश्न 17
Nitrogen fertilizers in soils releases ______ when broken down by bacteria.
1. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
2. Nitrous oxide (N2O)
3. Nitrogen trioxide (NO3)
4. Nitrogen (N2)
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (3) Nitrogen trioxide (NO3)
Soil bacteria break down ammonium from nitrogen fertilizers by nitrification, which produces the nitrate form written as NO3. The official MPSC key gives option (3).
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: Basic Ecology Terms
MPSC 2023, question 18प्रश्न 18
In relation to Ozone which statements are true ? A. Ozone is called protection shield of the Earth. B. In 1985 it was clear that Ozone layer has holes. C. 16th September is celebrated as World Ozone Day. D. In 1989 chemicals responsible for Ozone depletion are banned to utilize.
1. Only A, B and C
2. Only B, C and D
3. Only A, C and D
4. All the above
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (4) All the above
The ozone layer shields the Earth from ultraviolet rays, the Antarctic ozone hole was reported in 1985, 16 September is World Ozone Day, and the Montreal Protocol controlling ozone-depleting chemicals came into force in 1989. All are correct, option (4).
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: International Environment Agreements
MPSC 2023, question 19प्रश्न 19
Which of the following is not the type of Ecological pyramid ?
1. Pyramid of number
2. Pyramid of biomass
3. Pyramid of food web
4. Pyramid of energy
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (3) Pyramid of food web
The three ecological pyramids are the pyramids of number, biomass and energy. A food web is a network of food chains, not a pyramid, so option (3).
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: Basic Ecology Terms
MPSC 2023, question 20प्रश्न 20
Some species if eliminated seriously affect the ecosystem. These are called
1. Blue stone
2. Red stone
3. Yellow stone
4. Keystone
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (4) Keystone
Keystone species have an effect on their ecosystem far larger than their numbers suggest, so removing them seriously disturbs the whole system. So option (4).
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: Basic Ecology Terms
MPSC 2023, question 22प्रश्न 22
"Environment means the sum total of all conditions agencies and influences which affect the development, growth, life and death of an organism, species or race". Who created this definition of environment ?
1. Universal Encyclopedia
2. Britanica Encyclopedia
3. A. C. Tansley
4. Jackie Smith
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (1) Universal Encyclopedia
This widely quoted definition of environment is attributed in Indian textbooks to the Universal Encyclopaedia. The official MPSC key gives option (1).
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: Basic Ecology Terms
MPSC 2023, question 93प्रश्न 93
Identify the correct statement/s from the following in relation to the 'UN COP 15' A. The Global Biodiversity Agreement was approved by this Council. B. The Global Biodiversity Agreement was done under the Presidency of America. C. China presided 'UN COP 15'. D. There is a need to make efforts to reduce the consequences of climate change and the conservation of threatened species in the agreement.
1. A and B are correct
2. B and D are correct
3. B and C are correct
4. A, C and D are correct
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (4) A, C and D are correct
COP 15 of the Convention on Biological Diversity, held at Montreal in December 2022 under China's presidency, adopted the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, which includes targets on protecting threatened species and reducing climate change impacts. The USA is not even a party to the CBD, so B is wrong and option (4) is correct.
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: International Environment Agreements
MPSC 2022, question 12प्रश्न 12
Biosphere reserves are demarcated into ___________ .
1. Core zone, buffer zone and transition zone
2. Core zone, buffer zone and micro ecological zone
3. Buffer zone, transition zone and micro ecological zone
4. Core zone, transition zone and micro ecological zone
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (1) Core zone, buffer zone and transition zone
Under UNESCO's Man and Biosphere programme, a biosphere reserve has three zones: a strictly protected core zone, a surrounding buffer zone and an outer transition zone. That is option (1).
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: Biosphere Reserves of India
MPSC 2022, question 16प्रश्न 16
In India, which of the following has become a hot-spot with reference to threats to biodiversity ?
1. Northwestern India
2. Deccan Plateau
3. Northeastern India
4. Western India
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (3) Northeastern India
Of the regions listed, north-eastern India (part of the Indo-Burma hotspot) is the recognised biodiversity hotspot, an area rich in endemic species that is under heavy threat. The official MPSC key gives option (3).
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: Basic Ecology Terms
MPSC 2022, question 17प्रश्न 17
Which of the following are characteristics of Coral Reefs ? (a) These are the oldest living communities on Earth. (b) It is a high biomass producer. (c) It is a rich floral and fauna diversity. (d) These are shallow water tropical ecosystems. Which of the above statement/s is/are correct ?
1. Only (a) and (b)
2. Only (a), (b) and (d)
3. Only (c)
4. All of the above
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (4) All of the above
Coral reefs are among the oldest living communities on Earth, are highly productive, hold a very rich variety of plant and animal life and grow in warm, shallow tropical waters. All four statements are correct, option (4).
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: Basic Ecology Terms
MPSC 2022, question 18प्रश्न 18
What is Alpha, Beta and Gamma Diversity ? (a) Richness of species (b) Simpson's Diversity Index (c) For measuring biodiversity over geographical scale (d) Whittaker (1972) suggested these terms Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
1. Only (a) and (b)
2. Only (b)
3. Only (c)
4. Only (c) and (d)
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (3) Only (c)
Alpha, beta and gamma diversity describe biodiversity at different geographical scales: within a habitat, between habitats, and across a whole region. The official MPSC key accepts only statement (c), option (3).
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: Basic Ecology Terms
MPSC 2022, question 19प्रश्न 19
Match the following : State : Name of Sanctuaries (a) Andhra Pradesh : (i) Radhanagari (b) Maharashtra : (ii) Bhagwan Mahavir (c) West Bengal : (iii) Pulicat (d) Goa : (iv) Jaldapara
1. (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)
2. (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
3. (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(ii)
4. (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv)
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (3) (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(ii)
Pulicat Lake bird sanctuary is in Andhra Pradesh, Radhanagari wildlife sanctuary is in Kolhapur district of Maharashtra, Jaldapara is in West Bengal and Bhagwan Mahavir sanctuary is in Goa. That is option (3).
MPSC 2022, question 20प्रश्न 20
Which of the following factors are included in chemical environment ? (a) Temperature and soil (b) Water and soil (c) Vegetation and water (d) Human functions and Biological components Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
1. Only (a) and (b)
2. Only (b)
3. Only (c) and (d)
4. None of the above
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (4) None of the above
Each pair listed mixes chemical factors with physical ones such as temperature or with biological ones such as vegetation and human activity, so none of the pairs is purely a chemical environment factor. The official MPSC key gives option (4), none of the above.
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: Basic Ecology Terms
MPSC 2022, question 30प्रश्न 30
Which of the following statements is/are correct about UN Conference on Sustainable Development Rio+20 ?
1. The conference was held in June 2014 in Brazil.
2. The conference laid out Millennium Development Goals for the world.
3. The conference adopted guidelines on green economy policies.
4. The member nations de-powered UN Environment Programme in this conference.
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (3) The conference adopted guidelines on green economy policies.
Rio+20 was held in Rio de Janeiro in June 2012, not 2014; its outcome 'The Future We Want' endorsed green economy policies as a tool for sustainable development and strengthened (did not weaken) UNEP. The MDGs date from 2000. Option (3).
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: International Environment Agreements
MPSC 2022, question 47प्रश्न 47
Ecosystem is a self-regulatory and self-sustained structural and functional unit of nature where biotic and abiotic components are linked together with the following processes : (a) Productivity (b) Decomposition (c) Nutrient cycling (d) Energy flow Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
1. Only (a)
2. Only (a) and (b)
3. (a), (b), (c) and (d)
4. (a), (b) and (d)
Answer and explanationउत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer:उत्तर: (3) (a), (b), (c) and (d)
The four basic functional processes of an ecosystem are productivity, decomposition, energy flow and nutrient cycling, which link its living and non-living parts. All four, option (3).
Practise this topic:इस टॉपिक का अभ्यास: Basic Ecology Terms

Questions and answer keys are published by the Maharashtra Public Service Commission (mpsc.gov.in). Explanations are written by IndiaDigital; if one looks wrong, use the report link under it.प्रश्न और उत्तर-कुंजियाँ महाराष्ट्र लोक सेवा आयोग (mpsc.gov.in) द्वारा प्रकाशित हैं। व्याख्याएँ IndiaDigital ने लिखी हैं; कोई गलत लगे तो उसके नीचे दिए लिंक से बताइए।

MPSC prelims Environment: previous year questionsMPSC प्रीलिम्स पर्यावरण: पिछले वर्षों के प्रश्न

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